Статьи ППС и ученых университета в международных базах

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Phase composition and structure of composite Ti/HA coatings synthesized by detonation spraying

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Karmenova, M., Nugumanova, A., Tlebaldinova, A., (…), Popova, G., Sedchenko, A.

Seismic Assessment of Urban Buildings Using Data Mining Methods

The effect of detonation spraying on the phase composition and hardness of Al₂ O₃ coatings

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New in the legislation on conciliation procedures in Russia: Judicial conciliation and mediation | [Новое в законодательстве о примирительных процедурах в России: судебное примирение и медиация]

Effect of the PEN/C surface layer modification on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the 30CrMnSiA mild-carbon steel

2021 год

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Pavlov, A., Sagdoldina, Z., Kassymov, A., (…), Rakhadilov, B., Kengesbekov, A.

Physico-mechanical properties, structure, and phase composition of (BeO + TiO₂)-ceramics containing TiO₂nanoparticles (0.1-2.0 wt.%)

This research studies the effects of addition of micro- and nanoparticles of TiO2 and variations in the firing temperature on the physico-mechanical properties of oxide-beryllium ceramics, shows the evolution of the microstructure of such ceramics during sintering, and presents the data of X-ray phase analysis. It was shown that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles leads to a higher density of the ceramic material after sintering due to the interpenetration of TiO2 and BeO phases, which is caused by an increase in the diffusion mobility of atoms that can in turn be attributed to an increase in the imperfection of the structure and the fraction of grain boundaries. It was found that the presence of nanoparticles contributes to an increase in the apparent density of the material, as well as a decrease in its total and closed porosity; and an increase in the sintering temperature contributes to the transformation of the crystalline structure of TiO2 into a more conductive Ti3O5with an orthorhombic structure. The presence of nanoparticles also promotes self-healing of micropores, which can be explained by the blocking of a certain fraction of the interfaces between BeO particles by nanoparticles and the creation of a diffusion barrier. © 2021 Alexandr Pavlov et al., published by Sciendo.

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Sukhodub, L.F., Pogrebnjak, A.D., Sukhodub, L.B., (…), Akatan, K., Turlybekuly, A.

Antibacterial and physical characteristics of silver-loaded hydroxyapatite/alginate composites

The influence of silver ions on the antibacterial properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) and hydroxyapatite-alginate-silver (HA-Alg-Ag) nanocomposites was studied. The microstructure and phase composition of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the formation of the crystalline phase of Ag₃PO₄ was proved. According to the results, silver ions were incorporated into the HA structure, partially replacing calcium ions. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity was carried out on Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial test cultures by the co-incubation and modified agar diffusion methods. We demonstrated that the antimicrobial and adhesive properties of both Ag-HA and HA-Alg-Ag are strongly affected by the crystal lattice structure, controlled by the location of silver ions. The composite materials could be of great interest in the biomedical field, including in the design of coatings that prevent or slow the development of bacterial biofilms. © 2021 The Korean Society for Composite Materials and IOP Publishing Limited

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2

Rakhadilov, B., Buitkenov, D., Sagdoldina, Z., (…), Zhamanbayeva, M., Kakimzhanov, D.

Preparation and characterization of nicr/nicr-al₂o₃/al₂o₃ multilayer gradient coatings by gas detonation spraying

This paper investigates the influence of the technological parameters of detonation spraying on the phase composition of NiCr-and Al₂O₃-based coatings. It was determined that the phase composition of Al₂O₃ coatings during detonation spraying strongly depends on the barrel filling volume with the gas mixture. The acetylene–oxygen mixture, which is the most frequently used fuel in the detonation spraying of powder materials, was used as a fuel gas. To obtain a ceramic layer based on Al₂O₃, spraying was performed at an acetylene–oxygen O₂/C₂H₂ mixture ratio of 1.856; the volume of filling of the detonation gun barrel with an explosive gas mixture was 63%. To obtain a NiCr-based metallic layer, spraying was performed at the O₂/C₂H₂ ratio of 1.063; the volume of filling of the detonation gun barrel with an explosive gas mixture was 54%. Based on a study of the effect of the detonation spraying mode on the phase composition of NiCr and Al₂O₃ coatings, NiCr/NiCr-Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃-based multilayer coatings were obtained. Mixtures of NiCr/Al₂O₃ powders with different component ratios were used to obtain multilayer gradient coatings. The structural-phase composition, mechanical and tribological properties of multilayer gradient metal–ceramic coatings in which the content of the ceramic phase changes smoothly along the depth were experimentally investigated. Three-, five-and six-layer gradient coatings were obtained by alternating metallic (NiCr) and ceramic (Al₂O₃) layers. The phase composition of all coatings was found to correspond to the removal of information from a depth of 20–30 µm. It was determined that the five-layer gradient coating, consisting of the lower metal layer (NiCr), the upper ceramic layer (Al₂O₃ ) and the transition layer of the mechanical mixture of metal and ceramics, is characterized by significantly higher hardness (15.9 GPa), wear resistance and adhesion strength. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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2

Rakhadilov, B., Kakimzhanov, D., Baizhan, D., (…), Pazylbek, S., Zhurerova, L.

Comparative study of structures and properties of detonation coatings with α-al₂o₃ and γ-al₂o₃ main phases

This study is aimed at obtaining a coating of aluminum oxide containing α-Al₂O₃ as the main phase by detonation spraying, as well as a comparative study of the structural, tribological and mechanical properties of coatings with the main phases of α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃. It was experimentally revealed for the first time that the use of propane as a combustible gas and the optimization of the technological regime of detonation spraying leads to the formation of an aluminum oxide coating containing α-Al₂O₃ as the main phase. Tribological tests have shown that the coating with the main phase of α-Al₂O₃ has a low value of wear volume and coefficient of friction in comparison with the coating with the main phase of γ-Al₂O₃. It was also determined that the microhardness of the coating with the main phase of α-Al₂O₃ is 25% higher than that of the coatings with the main phase of γ-Al₂O₃. Erosion resistance tests have shown (evaluated by weight loss) that the coating with α-Al₂O₃ phase is erosion-resistant compared to the coating with γ-Al₂O₃ (seen by erosion craters). However, the coating with the main phase of γ-Al₂O₃ has a high value of adhesion strength, which is 2 times higher than that of the coating with the main phase of α-Al₂O₃. As the destruction of coatings by the primary phase, α-Al₂O₃ began at low loads than the coating with the main phase γ-Al₂O₃. The results obtained provide the prerequisites for the creation of wear-resistant, hard and durable layered coatings, in which the lower layer has the main phase of γ-Al₂O₃, and the upper layer has the main phase of α-Al₂O₃. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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3

Rakhmetullina, Z., Uvaliyeva, I., Amenova, F.

Differential equations of motion of a material point in the perpendicular plane to the plane of the gravitating disk

This paper presents an analytical solution of the differential equations of motion of a material point in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the gravitating disk. The differential equations of the problem under study and the applied Gilden’s method are described in the works of A. Poincaré. Differential equations refer to nonlinear equations. The analysis of methods for solving nonlinear differential equations was carried out. The methodology of applying the Gilden method to the solution of the differential equations under consideration can be applied in studies of the problem of the motion of celestial bodies in the “disk-material point” system in perpendicular planes. To identify the various properties of the gravitating disk, an analytical review of the state of the problem of the motion of a material point in the field of a gravitating disk is carried out. Summing up the presented review on the problem under study, a conclusion is made. The substantive formulation of the problem is described, which is formulated as follows: the study of the influence of disk-shaped bodies on the motion of a material point and methods for their solution. © 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

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Rakhadilov, B., Seitkhanova, A., Satbayeva, Z., (…), Icheva, Y., Sagdoldina, Z.

Investigation of the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of plasma electrolytic hardened chromium-nickel steel

This paper investigates how electrolytic plasma hardening (PEH) bears upon the changes in the phase structural and tribological properties of steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe, which is widely used in manufacturing highly stressed gears. The samples of steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe went through the PEH in an electrolyte containing an aqua solution of 20% calcined soda (Na₂ CO₃ ) and 10% carbamide ((NH₂ )₂ CO). The initial steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe is stated to have the following structural components: a lamellar pearlite with volume share of 35%, a ferrite-carbide mixture of ~45% and a fragmented ferrite of ~20%; after the PEH it contains lath-lamellar martensite, fine particles of cementite and M₂₃ C₆ carbide. The durability of steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe was found to rise by 3.4 times after the PEH and its microhardness increased in 2.6 times. The curve-tension of the crystal lattice was established to be like plastic (χ = χ_pl ) and does not cause the formation of microcracks in the material. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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3

Zhilkashinova, A., Skakov, M., Abilev, M., Yerbolatuly, D.

Effect of Alloying Elements on the Structural Phase State of Hadfield Steel

This study examined the changes in the microstructure and phase composition of Hadfield steel depending on the content of the main elements Mn and C and the alloying elements Cr and V. Phase composition and fine structure of manganese steels were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and electron diffraction using transmission electron microscopy. Samples of steel were undoped and were alloyed with Cr and V at a content of 0.4% and 1% by weight C and 6%-18% by weight Mn. The main phase of the steels, regardless of the Mn content, remained completely austenitic, and the introduction of Cr and V led to the expansion of the γ region. The average scalar density depended on the concentration of Mn, whereas Cr and V shifted the region of the ϵ phase toward a lower concentration of Mn and increased the content of the α phase. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.

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1

Sharifi-Rad, J., Quispe, C., Mukazhanova, Z., (…), Kamal, R.M., Szopa, A.

Resveratrol-Based Nanoformulations as an Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic stilbene derivative widely present in grapes and red wine. Broadly known for its antioxidant effects, numerous studies have also indicated that it exerts anti-inflammatory and antiaging abilities and a great potential in cancer therapy. Regrettably, the oral administration of resveratrol has pharmacokinetic and physicochemical limitations such as hampering its effects so that effective administration methods are demanding to ensure its efficiency. Thus, the present review explores the published data on the application of resveratrol nanoformulations in cancer therapy, with the use of different types of nanodelivery systems. Mechanisms of action with a potential use in cancer therapy, negative effects, and the influence of resveratrol nanoformulations in different types of cancer are also highlighted. Finally, the toxicological features of nanoresveratrol are also discussed. © Copyright © 2021 Sharifi-Rad, Quispe, Mukazhanova, Knut, Turgumbayeva, Kipchakbayeva, Seitimova, Mahomoodally, Lobine, Koay, Wang, Sheridan, Leyva-Gómez, Prado-Audelo, Cortes, Rescigno, Zucca, Sytar, Imran, Rodrigues, Cruz-Martins, Ekiert, Kumar, Abdull Razis, Sunusi, Kamal and Szopa.

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24

Baigereyev, D., Alimbekova, N., Berdyshev, A., Madiyarov, M.

Convergence analysis of a numerical method for a fractional model of fluid flow in fractured porous media

The present paper is devoted to the construction and study of numerical methods for solving an initial boundary value problem for a differential equation containing several terms with fractional time derivatives in the sense of Caputo. This equation is suitable for describing the process of fluid flow in fractured porous media under some physical assumptions, and has an important applied significance in petroleum engineering. Two different approaches to constructing numerical schemes depending on orders of the fractional derivatives are proposed. The semi-discrete and fully discrete numerical schemes for solving the problem are analyzed. The construction of a fully discrete scheme is based on applying the finite difference approximation to time derivatives and the finite element method in the spatial direction. The approximation of the fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo is carried out using the L1-method. The convergence of both numerical schemes is rigorously proved. The results of numerical tests conducted for model problems are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis. In addition, the proposed computational method is applied to study the flow of oil in a fractured porous medium within the framework of the considered model. Based on the results of the numerical tests, it was concluded that the model reproduces the characteristic features of the fluid flow process in the medium under consideration. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Rakhadilov, B., Buitkenov, D., Idrisheva, Z., (…), Pazylbek, S., Baizhan, D.

Effect of pulsed-plasma treatment on the structural-phase composition and tribological properties of detonation coatings based on Ti–Si–C

The structural-phase state and tribological characteristics of detonation coatings based on Ti–Si–C before and after pulsed-plasma exposure have been experimentally investigated. The authors of the research used a detonation set-up of CCDS2000 to obtain coatings. The modification of coating surfaces was carried out by a pulsed-plasma flow using the “Impulse-6” installation. The results of the research have shown that the modification of coatings surface by a pulsed-plasma effect causes an increase in the microhardness of the surface layer and in its wear resistance. It was determined that after such type of treatment, there is an increase in the content of the Ti₃SiC₂ phase. According to the results of XRD analysis, the improvement in the mechano-tribological properties of detonation spraying coatings of the Ti–Si–C system as a result of pulsed-plasma treatment is associated with an increase in the content of Ti₃SiC₂ phases in the coatings, as well as the formation of carbide and oxide phases on the surface layer. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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8

Kantay, N., Rakhadilov, B., Kurbanbekov, S., (…), Yerbolatova, G., Apsezhanova, A.

Influence of detonation-spraying parameters on the phase composition and tribological properties of Al₂O₃ coatings

Al₂O₃ coatings were applied on the surface of 12Ch18N10T steel by the detonation method at different degrees of filling of the detonation gun. The aim was to study the influence of technological parameters on the formation of the coating’s structure, phase composition and tribological characteristics. The degree of filling the gun with a gas mixture (C₂H₂/O₂) varied from 53% to 68%. X-ray diffraction study showed that the content of α-Al₂O₃ increases depending on the degree of filling. The results showed that the hardness increases with an increase in the α-Al₂O₃ phase. When the gun is 53% filled with gas, the Al₂O₃-based coating has the hardness of 20.56 GPa compared to 58%, 63% and 68% fillings. Tribology tests have shown that the wear rate and friction coefficient of the coating is highly dependent on the degree of filling of the gun. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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8

Ramazanova, R.A., Mamyachenkov, S.V., Seraya, N.V., (…), Aubakirova, R.A., Bagasharova, Z.T.

Research of kinetics of zinc leaching with sulfuric acid from smithsonite

The study investigates the kinetics of zinc leaching from smithsonite with sulfuric acid in order to expand the zinc production feedstocks. The recovery rate of zinc from smithsonite into water-soluble zinc sulfate was found at different leaching time and temperature. Sulfuric acid concentration, its consumption and smithsonite particles size selected in this work for leaching of zinc from this mineral using the indicated solution allowed to determine the magnitude of “apparent” activation energy of the smithsonite reaction with the indicated acid, equal to 2,633 kJ / mol. The calculated value of E, shows that the process investigated is accompanied by diffusion phenomena. © 2021, Faculty of Metallurgy. All rights reserved.

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4

Sagikyzy, A., Ryakova, Y., Savchuk, Y., (…), Sadykova, T., Gappassova, A.

Ideologeme «traditional culture» in understanding the social process and environmental problems

The article contents analysis of the ideologeme of «traditional culture»and evaluation of its possibility for the understanding of social process. The authors turn to the history of philosophy in understanding the socially significant context of the formation of traditions. Further, the authors show the socio-cultural foundations of the ideologeme of «traditional culture»and shows the causes of methodological «dead ends»of the authors who use it to explain modern social life. The article emphasizes the importance of traditions in the life of society. Authors notes that human development is impossible without the ability to reproduce and preserve the experience. At the same time, authors shows that certain forms of behavior-communication-activities which fixed by customs, rituals can appear and die. The authors of the article have came to the conclusion that the term of «traditional culture»is an ideologeme which testifying to the splitting of the social process. It fills with content depending on the goals of interests groups and serves as a tool for speculative worldview constructions. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021.

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Rakhadilov, B., Kantay, N., Sagdoldina, Z., (…), Bektasova, G., Paszkowski, M.

Experimental investigations of Al₂O₃— And ZrO₂-based coatings deposited by detonation spraying

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the physical and mechanical properties, structure and surface morphology of Al2O3- and ZrO2-based coatings deposited by detonation spraying. The coatings were sprayed onto titanium-alloyed steel 12Ch18N10T (GOST 4986-79). The thickness of the coatings ranged from 250 to 1100 μm. After the deposition of the coatings the mechanical properties of the steel’s surface layer significantly improved. Its microhardness increased threefold, reaching the maximum value of over 11 GPa. Also the tribological properties of the material detonation sprayed onto the steel were tested. A significant decrease in the kinetic friction coefficient was observed. For the steel with the ZrO2 coating the friction coefficient decreased by nearly half, reaching the value of 0.330. An increase in abrasive wear resistance was noted. Moreover, the results of electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction examinations evaluating the structural properties and surface morphology of the coatings are presented. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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2

Alimbekova, N., Berdyshev, A., Baigereyev, D.

Parallel Implementation of the Algorithm for Solving a Partial Differential Equation with a Fractional Derivative in the Sense of Riemann-Liouville

The paper is devoted to the numerical solution of a two-dimensional partial differential equation with a fractional derivative in the sense of Riemann-Liouville. This equation is of great applied importance and underlies many multiphysical simulators for modeling the distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere, fluid motion in a fractured porous medium with fractal fracture geometry, and many others. A two-step implicit computational algorithm for solving the problem is proposed, which leads to the need to solve a large number of systems of linear algebraic equations with dense matrices. To solve the latter, three iterative Krylov subspace algorithms are considered, namely, generalized method of minimal residuals with restarts, quasiminimal residual method, and induced dimension reduction method. A method for organizing parallel computations using CPU threads is proposed. The proposed method is tested on a two-dimensional model problem for an equation with fractional derivatives. An equation of this type typically arises when considering non-Darcian fluid flow in a fractured porous medium with a fractal geometry of fractures. The results of calculations for different values of the fractional derivative exponent and mesh configurations are presented. It is shown that this approach is able to increase the performance of the algorithm by more than 3.6 times. © 2021 IEEE.

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5

Maulit, A., Baiburin, Y., Rakhymbek, M., Sadykova, G., Nugumanova, A.

Statistical and Network Analysis of Shared Bikes — In the Case of Almaty Bike

In this paper we analyze bike riding patterns in Almaty by employing the annual data from Almaty Bike system. The main contribution of the paper is explaining the factors effecting bike sharing usage in Almaty. To our knowledge this is the first (albeit preliminary) study to investigate behaviors of bike-sharing users in Kazakhstan using statistical and network analysis methods. The analysis shows that mostly bikes are used no more than 20 minutes, for the most part during the daytime, although the peak use is between 7 and 9 pm, and there is no consistent difference between bike use on weekends and weekdays. © 2021 IEEE.

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1

Rakhadilov, B., Satbayeva, Z., Ramankulov, S., (…), Uazyrkhanova, G., Sagdoldina, Z.

Change of 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel dislocation structure in plasma electrolyte hardening

This work deals with the study of changes in the dislocation structure and quantitative characteristics, as well as morphological components, of 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel before and after plasma electrolytic hardening. According to the electron microscopic studies of the fine structure of 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel before and after plasma electrolytic hardening, 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel is a multiphase material containing an α-phase, a γ-phase (retained austenite), and a cementite and carbide phase. It was revealed that, morphologically, the α-phase in the initial state, generally, is present in the form of: lamellar pearlite with a volume fraction of 35%, a ferritocarbide mixture with a volume fraction of 45%, and fragmented ferrite with a volume fraction of 20% of the material. After surface hardening, the morphological components of the structure changed: packet–lamellar martensite with volume fractions of 60% and 40%, 5% and 7% of γ-phase as residual austenite in the crystals of packet–lamellar martensite, 0.6% and 1.5% of cementite in crystals of packet–lamellar martensite, and 0.15% and 0.35% of complex carbide М23С6 in crystals of packet–lamellar martensite, respectively, were observed. The quantitative characteristics of the dislocation structure were estimated by the following calculated indices of packet and lamellar martensite: scalar (ρ) and excess (ρ±) density of dislocations, the value of the curvature-torsion of the crystal lattice (χ), the amplitude of long-range internal stresses (σd), and the amplitude of shear stresses (σL), according to which the plastic nature of the bending-torsion of the crystal lattice was confirmed (σL > σd). © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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3

Zhumash, Z., Zhumabaeva, A., Nurgaliyeva, S., (…), Lebedeva, L.A., Zhoraeva, S.B.

Professional teaching competence in preservice primary school teachers: Structure, criteria and levels

Competency beliefs are beliefs about individuals’ ability to perform significantly regarding events that may affect their lives. People with higher levels of teaching competency beliefs do not escape from the experiences they have just encountered and have the determination to complete their actions successfully. Having general competencies of teachers and teacher candidates is of key importance in terms of creating more efficient and improving educational processes. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review on structure, criteria, and levels of professional teaching competence levels of preservice primary school teachers based on a comprehensive literature review. The study employs qualitative research methodology including document analysis and related content analysis. Various results were obtained from this study and the results were discussed with relevant literature and future implications are provided. © 2021 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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17

Kozhambekov, D.R., Tolegen, M.A., Bitemirov, K.T., (…), Zhalburov, Y.T., Bekbosynov, Y.

Main Principles And Features Of Consideration Legal Characteristics Of Secular State

Modern society rather closely relates religion with affairs of the management of society. Considering society as a cell of structural subdivision of the state territorial unit, it is possible to designate that in compliance with a pyramid of needs of each individual, the religion, to be exact -the freedom of worship is rather significant component in the functioning mechanism in vital activity of each citizen. Limiting or forbidding something which is connected with religious religion, the state automatically breaks balance of the democratic system at the level of internal policy of the state that is fraught with extremely negative consequences which can be reflected in social, economic and even demographic environment of society. © 2021, Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. All Rights Reserved.

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0

Chlachula, J., Zhensikbayeva, N.Z., Yegorina, A.V., (…), Czerniawska, J., Kumarbekuly, S.

Territorial assessment of the east kazakhstan geo/ecotourism: Sustainable travel prospects in the southern altai area

In spite of picturesque landscapes, natural beauties and authentic traditional lifestyles to be seen in East Kazakhstan, tourism is far from being developed. The Kazakh Altai (called the Kazakh Switzerland) is one the most colourful parts of the country and, indeed, all Central Asia. The attractiveness of this geographically isolated region (formerly a part of the Imperial Russia), consisting of rocky semi-deserts, vast parkland-steppes, and rugged mountain terrains, is reflected in its distinctive geological and geomorphological character, its pristine nature, and its extraordinary geodiversity and biodiversity. This study presents a roster of geotourism and ecotourism loci for the broader Altai area within a framework of sustainable development. The modelled assessment of the tourism and recreation potential is based upon multi-proxy analyses of GIS, DEM, and cartographic data. It integrates the most appealing natural (biotic and abiotic) site-specific natural features across all physiographic zones within a broad region. The most significant and representative geosites fall within three geographic sectors suitable for geo- and ecotourism. Prospects for travel to these places are enhanced by the presence of numerous prehistoric archaeological sites and historical monuments, which document the rich, multi-ethnic background of Kazakhstan and the ancient Silk Road that traverses it. These geological, environmental and cultural resources, and the regional geoheritage and environmental conservation concepts have been figured into strategies for economic growth of rural Kazakhstan. Visitors travelling to this most appealing region are constrained by climate of pronounced continentality, seasonality, geographic accessibility, the international border-zone regulations and a lack of services of an international standard. © 2021 by the authors.

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7

Kveglis, L.I., Noskov, F.M., Volochaev, M.N., Nyavro, A.V., Filarowski, A.

Magnetic properties of nickel-titanium alloy during martensitic transformations under plastic and elastic deformation

This paper focuses on the processes of the occurrence of magnetization during structure formation in samples of Ni₅₁ Ti₄₉ alloy under deformation conditions. The possibility of the existence of a phase with an FCC (face-centered cubic) lattice in titanium nickelide has been demonstrated by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. It has been discovered that the interplanar distances of BCC₁₁₀ (body-centered cubic), FCC₁₁₁, and HCP₀₀₂ (hexagonal close packed) in the alloy under study have similar values, which indicates the possibility of their mutual polymorphic transformation. Based on the modular self-organization, a scheme of martensitic transformations in titanium nickelide from the B2 structure (BCC lattice) to the B19’ structure (HCP lattice) through an intermediate phase with an FCC lattice is proposed. It is shown that lenticular crystals appear in the Ni₅₁ Ti₄₉ alloy under tensile deformation until rupture, which is accompanied by the onset of ferromagnetism. The effect of magnetization in Ni₅₁ Ti₄₉ samples when immersed in liquid nitrogen has been also discovered. In this case, the reason for the appearance and disappearance of magnetization can be associated with microdeformation processes caused by direct and reverse martensitic transitions that occur during cooling and heating of the samples. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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4

Nikolaeva, V.N., Zharkova, S.V., Gefke, I.V., Dolanbayeva, G.T.

Seed-potatoes production using biotechnology methods under the conditions of East Kazakhstan

The production of potato varieties for a long period of time largely contributes to a decrease in the initial productivity and quality indicators of potato tubers, this is the result of a progressive accumulation of viral, viroid, fungal and bacterial pathogens during plant reproduction. The system of virus-free seed production, based on the improvement of varieties and accelerated multiplication of the original seed material in conditions that exclude reinfection, successfully solves many problems of potato seed production. Biotechnological methods play a key role in this process. Micropropagation method allows for the rapid propagation of healthy seed material. We in 2016-2019. Investigations were carried out to obtain seed material of potato varieties of different ripeness groups using the in vitro method in the conditions of East Kazakhstan. After analyzing the conditions for the selection of seed production schemes, data on soil and climatic conditions, phytopathogenic conditions in the zone of potato production, we have selected a four-year seed production scheme in the methodology of original and elite seed production introduced in Ulan Zhemis LLP. Adaptation to production conditions was carried out in 2018-2019. All varieties by the method of accelerated in vitro reproduction were cloned by microcutting in four repetitions in the offspring in the laboratory of plant biology and biotechnology of the V. S. Amanzholova. All tested varieties, cut and adapted to soil and climatic conditions, were planted in a closed area from May 15 to June 1. As a result, the most productive varieties using the in vitro method were identified: Gulliver (Russia), Juvel (Germany), Colomba (Holland), Queen Anna (Germany), Rodrigo (Germany), Riviera (Holland), Darenka (Russia), Luck (Russia), Artemis (Holland), Red Lady (Germany). © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

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2

Rahadilov, B.K., Zhurerova, L.G., Sagdoldina, Z.B., Kenesbekov, A.B., Bayatanova, L.B.

Morphological Changes in the Dislocation Structure of Structural Steel 20GL after Electrolytic-Plasma Hardening of the Surface

Abstract: The work is devoted to the study of the features of the formation of modified surface layers in the electrolytic-plasma coating of the surface of 20GL steel used for the manufacture of parts of a railroad train. The results of the investigation of the effect of the electrolytic-plasma coating on the morphology and the structural-phase state of the surface, the dislocation structure of 20GL steel before and after treatment are presented. It has been established that in the initial state 20GL steel has a ferrite-pearlite structure, and after the electrolytic-plasma coating of the surface, a lamellar structure of perlite and ferrite is observed. It is found that in the initial state 20GL steel has the following average parameters of the fine structure: 〈ρ〉 = 2.41 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2, 〈ρ_±〉 = 2.23 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2, 〈χ〉 = 〈χ_lp〉 + 〈χ_elas〉 = 560 + 25 = 585 MPa, 〈σ_l〉 = 310 MPa, 〈d〉 = 〈pl〉 + 〈d〉 = 300 + 35 = 335 MPa; and after processing, the average parameters of the fine structure changed as follows: 〈ρ〉 = 1.03 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2, 〈ρ_±〉 = 0.82 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2, 〈χ〉 = 〈χ_pl〉 = 205 MPa, 〈σ_l〉 = 200 MPa, 〈d〉 = 〈d〉 = 175 MPa. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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7

Gnecchi-Ruscone, G.A., Khussainova, E., Kahbatkyzy, N., (…), Jeong, C., Krause, J.

Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians

The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules. Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved.

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27

Zhilkashinova, A., Abilev, M., Pavlov, A., (…), Gradoboev, A., Zhilkashinova, A.

Ion-plasma spraying and electron-beam treatment of composite cr-al-co-zro₂-y₂ o₃ coating on the surface of ni-cr alloy

The blades of modern gas turbine engines are complex structures made of heat-resistant nickel alloys with a complex system of internal cavities. The article describes a method of strengthen-ing samples of a heat-resistant Ni-Cr alloy by applying a composite coating (Cr-Al-Co + ZrO₂-Y₂ O₃ ). The alloy prototypes were fabricated by vacuum melting. An ion-plasma technology of a two-layer coating with an inner metal and an outer ceramic layer on the prepared surface of the heat-resistant alloy matrix was developed. The morphology and structure of the alloy prototypes and the investigated composite coating were studied by scanning electron spectroscopy. The total thickness of the two-layer wear-resistant coating was 17–18 µm. The thickness of the inner layer (Cr/Al/Co) is 10–11 µm and the thickness of the outer ceramic coating (ZrO₂-Y₂ O₃ ) is 6–7 µm. To improve the operational characteristics of the material, an electron-beam surface treatment was proposed. The research results showed a sevenfold increase in surface resistance compared with the initial state. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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3

Temirbekov, A., Baigereyev, D., Temirbekov, N., Urmashev, B., Amantayeva, A.

Parallel CUDA implementation of a numerical algorithm for solving the Navier-Stokes equations using the pressure uniqueness condition

In this paper, we study numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations in doubly connected domains. Two methods for solving the problem are considered. The first method is based on constructing a difference problem in variables of the stream function and the vortex of velocity using the uniqueness condition for pressure. The numerical solution of the elliptic equation for stream functions is found as the sum of the solutions of two simple problems of an elliptic type. One problem is with homogeneous boundary conditions, and the other is with a homogeneous equation. An alternative approach to solving the problem is the fictitious domain method with the continuation of the least coefficient. This method does not require satisfying the pressure uniqueness condition, and is simple to implement. An important direction in the development of numerical simulation methods is the study of approximate methods for solving problems of mathematical physics in complex multidimensional areas. To solve many applied problems in irregular areas, the fictitious domain method is widely used, which is characterized by a high degree of automation of programming. The main idea of the fictitious domain method is that the problem is solved not in the original complex domain, but in some other, simpler domain. This allows to create software immediately for a fairly wide class of problems with arbitrary computational domains. The possibilities of applying the fictitious domain method to the problems of hydrodynamics in the variables «stream function, vortex of velocity»are considered in many works. In this paper, we study a numerical method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations in doubly connected domains. A computational finite difference algorithm for solving an auxiliary problem of the fictitious domain method has been developed. The results of numerical modeling of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations by the fictitious domain method with continuation by the lowest coefficient are presented. For this problem, a parallel algorithm was developed using the CUDA architecture, which was tested on various grid dimensions. © 2021 Author(s).

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3

Zhaksylykova, Z., Temirbekov, N., Malgazhdarov, Y.

The fictitious domain method for the Navier-Stokes equations in natural variables

In this paper, we consider a variant of the fictitious domain method associated with the modification of nonlinear terms in a fictitious subdomain. The model problem shows the effectiveness of using this modification. The proposed version of the method is used to solve the problem of an arbitrary region and to set a boundary condition for pressure. A numerical solution is implemented and the results of numerical results are given. © 2021 Author(s).

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2

Alimbekova, N., Berdyshev, A., Baigereyev, D.

Study of initial boundary value problem for two-dimensional differential equation with fractional time derivative in the sense of Caputo

In this paper, we study an initial boundary value problem for a two-dimensional differential equation with a fractional time derivative in the sense of Caputo. This equation is of great applied importance in modeling flow processes and anomalous dispersion. The uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the input data in differential form is proved. A computationally effective implicit scheme with weights is proposed. A priori estimates are obtained for the solution of the problem under the assumption that a solution exists in the class of sufficiently smooth functions. These estimates imply the uniqueness of the solution and the stability of the scheme with respect to the initial data and the right-hand side of the equation. The convergence of the approximate solution to the solution of the differential problem with the second order both in time and space variables is proved. The results of computational experiments confirming the reliability of theoretical analysis are presented. © 2021 Author(s).

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0

Kayukova, L., Vologzhanina, A., Praliyev, K., (…), Chingissova, L., Akatan, K.

Boulton-katritzky rearrangement of 5-substituted phenyl-3-[2-(Morpholin-1-yl)ethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazoles as a synthetic path to spiropyrazoline benzoates and chloride with antitubercular properties

The analysis of stability of biologically active compounds requires an accurate determination of their structure. We have found that 5-aryl-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles are generally unstable in the presence of acids and bases and are rearranged into the salts of spiropyrazolinium compounds. Hence, there is a significant probability that it is the rearranged products that should be attributed to biological activity and not the primarily screened 5-aryl-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. A series of the 2-amino-8-oxa-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium (spiropyrazoline) benzoates and chloride was synthesized by Boulton-Katritzky rearrangement of 5-substituted phenyl-3-[2-(morpholin-1-yl)ethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and characterized using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Spiropyrazolylammonium chloride demonstrates in vitro antitubercular activity on DS (drug-sensitive) and MDR (multidrug-resistant) of MTB (M. tuberculosis) strains (1 and 2 µg/mL, accordingly) equal to the activity of the basic antitubercular drug rifampicin; spiropyrazoline benzoates exhibit an average antitubercular activity of 10-100 μg/mL on MTB strains. Molecular docking studies revealed a series of M. tuberculosis receptors with the energies of ligand-receptor complexes (−35.8-−42.8 kcal/mol) close to the value of intermolecular pairwise interactions of the same cation in the crystal of spiropyrazolylammonium chloride (−35.3 kcal/mol). However, only in complex with transcriptional repressor EthR2, both stereoisomers of the cation realize similar intermolecular interactions. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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6

Rakhadilov, B., Maulet, M., Abilev, M., Sagdoldina, Z., Kozhanova, R.

Structure and tribological properties of Ni-Cr-Al-based gradient coating prepared by detonation spraying

In this paper, Ni-Cr-Al coatings were deposited using the detonation spraying method. The aim was to investigate how technological parameters influence coating structure formation, phase composition and tribological performances. We observed that the degree to which the barrel is filled with an O2/C2H2 gas mixture strongly influences the chemical composition of manufactured coatings. High degrees of barrel filling led to a decrease in aluminum content in the coating. Filling degrees of 40% and 50% produced sprayed coatings in which only Ni-Cr phases could be found. When the filling degree was reduced up to 25%, Ni-Al phases began to form in the sprayed coatings. Gradient Ni-Cr-Al coatings were produced by gradually reducing the filling degree from 50% to 25%. These coatings are characterized by Ni-Cr near the substrate level with Ni-Cr and Ni-Al phases at higher levels. The results obtained confirm that gradient Ni-Cr-Al coatings exhibit high hardness as well as good wear resistance. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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16

Sagdoldina, Z., Rakhadilov, B., Kurbanbekov, S., Kozhanova, R., Kengesbekov, A.

Effect of irradiation with Si⁺ ions on phase transformations in Ti–Al system during thermal annealing

The article deals with the effect of irradiation with Si+ ions on phase transformations in the Ti–Al system during thermal annealing. An aluminum film with a thickness of 500 nm was deposited on VT1‐00 titanium samples by magnetron sputtering, followed by ion implantation. Samples before and after irradiation with Si ions were annealed in a vacuum of 10⁻⁴ Pa in the temperature range 600–1000 °C. It was established that ion implantation reduces the dissolution of Al in α‐Ti with the formation of titanium silicides (TiSi2, Ti5Si3) and stabilizes aluminide phases Ti3Al rich in aluminum. As a result, a composite structure based on titanium silicide/aluminide was obtained on the surface of the sample synthesized by complex treatment: deposition, irradiation with Si+, and thermal annealing at the near‐surface layers. The formation of the phase‐structural state of the implanted layers is associated with the displacement of atoms of the crystal lattice, a result that is reflected in an increase in the size of the crystal lattice and a decrease in microdistortion of the lattice. The opposite effect is observed with increasing temperature. This fact is explained by the relaxation of unstable large grains with an excess of internal energies. At the annealing temperature of 900–1000 °C, a significant increase in microhardness was observed due to silicide phases. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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5

Rakhadilov, B., Kengesbekov, A., Zhurerova, L., Kozhanova, R., Sagdoldina, Z.

Impact of electronic radiation on the morphology of the fine structure of the surface layer of R6M5 steel

In recent decades, great efforts have been made to significantly improve the performance characteristics of high-speed steel using various surface hardening techniques. Electron beam modification is engaging because it has an exceptionally high thermal efficiency and can significantly improve steels’ physical and mechanical properties. This work is devoted to researching the fine structure and changing the structural phase state of the surface layer of R6M5 high-speed steel after exposure to an electron beam. Electron beam treatment of steel R6M5 was carried out on a vacuum installation. The structure and phase composition of P6M5 steel samples were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Determined that after electron irradiation, the steel structure as in the initial state consists of martensite, carbides and residual austenite. After electron irradiation, an increase in the volume fraction of lamellar martensite is observed: The fraction of lamellar martensite in the initial state is 80%, and after irradiation, it is ~90% of the total fraction of α′-martensite. The action of the electron beam led to an increase in internal stresses in α′-martensite. Revealed, the value of the scalar dislocation density in R6M5 steel after exposure to an electron beam is higher than in the initial state. A cardinal difference in the state of the material after exposure to an electron beam is the presence of bending extinction contours in all M6C carbide particles. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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2

Rakhadilov, B., Buitkenov, D., Sagdoldina, Z., (…), Kurbanbekov, S., Adilkanova, M.

Structural features and tribological properties of detonation gun sprayed ti–si–c coating

The paper considers the research results of structural-phase state and tribological characteristics of detonation coatings based on Ti–Si–C, obtained at different filling volumes of the explosive gas mixture barrel of a detonation gun. The results analysis indicates that the phase composition and properties of detonation coatings strongly depend on the technological parameters of spraying. With an increase of the explosive mixture in the filling volume of the detonation barrel up to 70% of the coatings consist mainly of the TiC phase, because high temperature leads to a strong decomposition of Ti₃SiC₂ powders. Thus, the XRD results confirm that at 70% of the explosive gas mixture’s filling volume, partial decomposition and disintegration of the powders occurs after detonation spraying. We established that detonation coatings based on titanium carbosilicide obtained at the explosive gas mixture’s filling volume at 60% are characterized by high wear resistance and adhesive strength. Thermal annealing was performed after spraying in the temperature range of 700–900^◦C for 1 h to reduce microstructural defects and improve the Ti–Si–C coating characteristics. As a result of the heat treatment in the Ti–Si–C system at 800^◦C, we observed that an increase in the volume fraction of the Ti₃SiC₂ and TiO₂ phases led to a 2-fold increase in microhardness. This means that the after-heat-treatment can provide a sufficient reaction time for the incomplete reaction of the Ti–Si–C (TSC) coating during the detonation gun spraying. Thus, annealing can provide an equal distribution of elements in the coatings. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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14

Rakhadilov, B., Tyurin, Y., Kakimzhanov, D., (…), Kolisnichenko, O., Zhurerova, L.

DEPOSITION OF DUPLEX Cr₃ C₂-NiCr COATINGS ON STEEL USING A COMBINED TECHNIQUE OF GAS DETONATION SPRAYING AND PULSE-PLASMA TREATMENT

Sintered chromium carbide–nickel-chromium alloys are widely used to protect machine parts operated in extreme conditions. In this research, a duplex technology was studied, which includes the deposition of Cr₃ C₂-NiCr coatings using a multichambered detonation device and subsequent pulse-plasma treatment (PPT). It was determined that PPT promotes a decrease in the surface roughness and friction coefficient of the coating (approximately two times), an increase in the microhardness of the Cr₃ C₂-NiCr coating material from 12 GPa (initial) to ~ 16.2 GPa, and an increase in wear resistance by two times compared to an untreated coating. It was also revealed that after the pulse-plasma treatment, the resistance of Cr₃ C₂-NiCr coatings to abrasive wear and erosion increases. The proposed duplex technology ensures the formation of high-quality coatings from a cermet material of the Cr₃ C₂-NiCr system with a complex heterogeneous structural-phase state, where a layered structure of regions of carbide particles and matrix metal was found in the immediate vicinity of the carbide-matrix interface with precipitates in the matrix of dispersed secondary carbides. © 2021 by Begell House, Inc.

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4

Rakhadilov, B.K., Pogrebnjak, A.D., Maksakova, O.V., (…), Kylyshkanov, M.K., Bagdasaryan, A.A.

Microstructure and Properties Development During Thermal Treatments of Ti₃SiC₂/TiC Coating Produced by Denotation Spraying onto Carbon Steel Grade U9

It is known that Ti3SiC2 is the only stable ternary compound in the Ti–Si–C system that demonstrates a good microstructure-properties relationship. The production of Ti-C-Si by detonation spraying technique results in the formation of multilayer Ti3SiC2/TiC coating. This transformation is due to the deintercalation of Si from Ti3SiC2 that enlarges after heat treatment. This article provides investigations on the effect of middle-temperature annealing on the structural-phase state, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti3SiC2/TiC coatings obtained by the detonation spraying method. After annealing, the formation of [110], [211] and [301] reflections of TiO2 phases and an increase in the intensity of [103] and [108] reflections of Ti3SiC2 phases are observed. The maximum hardness of 1400 HV obtained for the coating annealed to 800 °C. A similar tendency observed during adhesion tests. An increase in annealing temperature to 800°C, improves the adhesion strength of the coating to 13.2 N. Meanwhile the value of COF remains stable for as-deposited and annealed coating. The property improvements are due to the formation of denser structure and oxideTiO2 films. ©2021 IEEE

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1

Nugumanova, A., Bondarovich, A., Tlebaldinova, A., (…), Rakhymbek, K., Maulit, A.

Spatial interpolation of humidity values in the fields of East Kazakhstan agricultural experimental station

Soil moisture has a major impact on the growth and development of grain crops. With a change in moisture, most of the physical or chemical properties of the soil change, which determines the need for systematic control of soil moisture in the practice of agriculture. However, soil moisture is highly variable in space and time, which makes it difficult to measure it on a field-wide scale. Spatial moisture interpolation allows to solve this problem by continuously displaying moisture indicators throughout the landscape. In this paper, we compare two methods of interpolation Nearest neighbor interpolation and Inverse distance weighted for moisture indicators obtained at the soil surface and at a depth of 1 m. Both methods showed results easy to interpret, each at its own level of detailing. © 2021 IEEE.

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1

Nugumanova, A., Baiburin, Y.

Evaluation metrics for automatically constructed concept maps

Concept maps are knowledge visualization tools that allow representing the text or domain at a conceptual level. They reflect the systemic relations between the key concepts of the text and thereby contribute to a deeper understanding of its ideas, save time spent on reading and analysis. However, the very process of creating concept maps is laborious and time-consuming. At the same time, with the rapid growth of digital reading services, the automatic construction of concept maps attracts an increasing intensive research. Against that background, comparison and evaluation of methods for automatic construction of concept maps are of great importance. In this paper, we discuss popular evaluation metrics for automatically created concept maps and propose our new metric based on network centrality analysis. We test all the considered metrics by comparing an automatic concept map with a reference concept map developed manually by experts. Experiments show that our proposed metric complements existing metrics by providing information about significance degrees of concepts and relations. © 2021 ICROS.

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0

Temirbekov, N.M., Los, V.L., Baigereyev, D.R., Temirbekova, L.N.

MODULE OF THE GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF GEOCHEMICAL FIELDS BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND DIGITAL PREDICTION METHODS

This paper describes the software module of the geographic information system, developed in the framework of research on methods for intelligent detection of anomalies for deep exploration of deposits. The module is based on the use of a mathematical model for determining the distribution field of a chemical element at a given depth given by the Fredholm integral equation with a Poisson kernel. The software module contains the implementation of algorithms for solving the indicated inverse problem for predictive calculations of the concentration of chemical elements based on measurement data on the day surface, as well as a number of auxiliary capabilities. The algorithm is implemented using the M. Lavrentiev regularization method and the Landweber iteration method. The results of predictive calculations are displayed on the map of the QGIS geoinformation system. The paper describes the structure of the software module and the process of its development, as well as the algorithm of QGIS user actions for interacting with the functions of the module. Implemented module is able to import the initial data obtained as a result of field and laboratory research into the databaseautomatically. The geographic information system database contains data on 29 chemical elements at 3920 points of material sampling in the Novo-Khairuzovsky area of southern Altai, located on the territory of Kazakhstan. The approbation of the mathematical model was carried out by comparing the calculated data with empirical data for gold. On the basis of the comparative analysis, it was concluded that the mathematical model makes it possible to recover the distribution field of chemical elements at a given depth of occurrence with an acceptable accuracy. © 2021, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

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1

Rakhadilov, B.K., Satbayeva, Z.A., Wieleba, W., Kylyshkanov, M.K., Baizhan, D.R.

CHANGES IN STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL CHROMONICKEL STEELS AFTER PLASMA ELECTROLYTE HARDENING

this work presents the research results of the impact of plasma electrolyte hardening (PEH) on the structure and properties of structural 40HN and 20H2N4A steels. Thermal surface hardening of steel parts is one of the most effective and efficient ways to increase the service life of loaded elements of machines and mechanisms, also to reduce their material consumption. In this case, only the most loaded working surface of the part is strengthened, leaving the core intact. The PEH process was carried out in an electrolyte from an aqueous solution containing 20% sodium carbonate and 10% urea. It has been established that a modified layer after PEH is formed with a thickness of 0.5-0.7 mm which consist of a hardened layer of fine-grained martensite and an intermediate layer of perlite and martensite. Microhardness increases by 2 times, wear resistance increases by 3 times after PEH. The conducted research showed the promise and feasibility of using the developed method to improve the operational properties of parts operating under friction and wear. This method, which consists in heating the part for 2 s, is recommended for hardening gears made of 40HN and 20H2N4A steels without additional heat treatment. PEH ensures the achievement of a technical and economic effect due to the use of simple equipment, not expensive aqueous solutions, reduction of processing time, and also as a result of increased wear resistance and microhardness of steels. © 2021, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

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2

Sholpanbaeva, K.G., Apysheva, A.A., Shaikhanova, N.K., Alimbetov, U.S., Egenberdieva, S.K.

Globalization of the economy and its impact on the financial policy of Kazakhstan | [ekonomikos globalizacija ir jos poveikis Kazachstano finansų politikai]

This paper is aimed at studying the impact of economic globalization on the financial policy of Kazakhstan. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the problems of implementing financial policy for the modern economy of Kazakhstan, the underdevelopment of the financial and banking systems, and the low level of monetization (45%, with a threshold for food security at 75%). This study uses the methods of analysis, synthesis, and analogy, which allow for a comprehensive study of the models of financial market regulation. Using the comparative research method, the regulation of the research object in the national system of Kazakhstan, in other countries of the region, and at the international level is compared. This paper presents the main trends in the functioning of financial systems at the international, regional, and national levels. The integration of the banking sector is classified according to the degree of development of integration processes in the financial sphere. These processes include: offensive credit integration; protective financial integration; preparatory (pre-integration); and disintegration. This study reveals that Kazakhstan is making attempts to introduce the conceptual provisions of Asian neo-industrial countries both to modernize the national economy and the financial sphere and to actively engage in regional and world financial markets and flows. It is determined that a consolidated (integrated) model of financial market regulation functions in Kazakhstan, and its advantages and disadvantages are noted. The study of the features of the financial market regulation models in other countries under the influence of globalization trends makes it possible to determine measures to improve the financial market regulation of Kazakhstan. © 2021 Mykolas Riomeris University. All rights reserved.

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Alekseyenko Alexandr, N., Aubakirova Zhanna, S., Stolyarova Eleonora, O., Omyrzak Tamerlan, Ye.

Urban Population of Modern Kazakhstan: Features of Formation and Development

The article deals with the process of forming the modern urban population of Kazakhstan on an autochthonous basis. Conventional stages of development of the phenomenon are designated. In the 1930s and 1970s, as a result of the migration inflow, an ethnically differentiated settlement system developed in the Republic. The majority of the urban population were the Russians, meanwhile the majority of the Kazakhs lived in rural area. In the 1970s and 1980s, the process of urbanization of Kazakhs became more active, losing the foundations of ethnic culture in the Russified city. The formation of Kazakhstan’s statehood actualizes the problem of creating an urban Kazakh nation capable of solving the problems of modernization development. Currently, the urban population majority of the Republic are Kazakhs. It is important that the generation born and socialized in the post-Soviet time gradually enters the socially active age. It is this generation that will form various options for the further development of Kazakhstan’s urban space. © 2021, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist). All rights reserved.

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Tolegen, M., Utegenova, B., Baymuhambetova, B., (…), Balgabaeva, G., Baizhanova, S.

Factor analysis of suicidal risk and protective mechanisms of pedagogical students in Kazakhstan

Background: The study aims to identify the underlying causes, risks and protection factors in the field of suicidal behavior among pedagogical students to understand and reduce the prevalence of victimization and suicide in the education system. Subject and methods: The analysis of suicidal risk factors and protective mechanisms among pedagogical students is carried out based on the results of psychological testing, correlation and factor analysis. Results: Results of the study show that the following two factors greatly influence suicidal behavior among pedagogical students. Firstly, there is «Psychological (personal) risk factor of suicidal behavior», which combines indicators of destructive personality of students, leading to suicidal behavior. Secondly, there is «Conflict socio-environmental risk factor of suicidal behavior»that combines indicators of disharmonious upbringing and disharmonious relationships with the immediate environment. Moreover, in stressful situations, most future teachers from the «risk group «use non-constructive strategies of the protective mechanisms «projection «and «regression «and have a high level of an overall tension index of these mechanisms. Conclusions: It is found that the suicidal factors, characteristic for pedagogical students, do not differ from the suicidal factors characteristic for students from other specialties. These factors affect a large number of pedagogical students (41.5%). There might be several risk factors at once, which increases the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and actions. The results of the study can be used to predict and prevent suicidal behavior among pedagogical students and increase the effectiveness of the psychological services of universities. © Medicinska naklada — Zagreb, Croatia.

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2

Zhanbosinova, A.S., Zhandybayeva, S.S., Kazbekova, A.T.

Ego-documents of the History of Political Terror in Kazakhstan | [Эго-документы истории политического террора в Казахстане]

Interdisciplinary approaches have expanded the research space of the history of political repression of 1920–1950s. The surge of interest in documents of personal origin in the historiography of the post-Soviet space led to an appeal to ego-documents — personal letters from victims of political repression. The study is based on archival and investigative materials of the Special State Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Introduction of narrative sources into the scholarship enables to hear the history of political repression “from inside”, “from below”, to feel the psychology of terror. Letters to the authorities touched upon a complex of problems related to the violation of socialist legality in the field, especially in the period of political repression. The main message of the letters sent to the first leaders of the Soviet state was the monstrosity of the accusation of Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the ridiculous mistake made by Soviet justice. The purpose of the article is to reveal the cognitive potential of ego documents in articulating the history of political repression. Based on the theoretical concepts of a linguistic, narrative turn, the historical past of political repressions, represented by ego documents of victims of political terror is constructed. A discursive assessment of the letter suggests its interpretation as a reconstruction of the sociocultural memory of the tragic past that left a cultural trauma in the family frame of memory. Each letter has its own power of power, the inner ‘I’ voices the daily practices of political terror. © 2021 Saint Petersburg State University. All rights reserved.

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Zhabykbayeva, D., Sanay, G., Bekish, A., Zhylkybekova, G., Kasymbekov, Z.

Teachers’ views on the level of cultural heritage knowledge that can be improved through innovative technologies

The purpose of this research is to determine primary school students’ perceptions of cultural heritage and to evaluate student and teacher views on the level of cultural heritage knowledge that can be improved through innovative technologies. The research was carried out with 20 primary school students and 10 primary school teachers who were educated in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan in the 2020-2021 academic year. The research was designed in the case study pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data collection tools of the research were developed by the researcher. Semi-structured student interview form and semi-structured teacher interview form were used to collect data in the research. The analysis of the data was carried out using the content analysis method. The results of the research reveal that the students have a good grasp of some concepts related to the definition of cultural heritage and they partially know the tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage items. While the teachers did not find the cultural heritage education sufficient, they stated that an education through innovative technologies would increase the level of student knowledge and made suggestions regarding this. Research findings reveal the necessity of using innovative technologies in cultural heritage education and accordingly the need for new regulations in education programs. ©2021 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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1

Rakhadilov, B.K., Sagdoldina, Zh.B., Baizhan, D.R., (…), Kalitova, A.A., Smaiylova, M.

Obtaining of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on A Titanium Substrate by Detonation-Gas Spraying

The article considers research results of the formation process of a hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium substrate during detonation spraying. Powders for sputtering and obtained coatings of hydroxyapatite were studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray structural analysis. It was determined that the appearance of α-tricalcium phosphatephase is characteristic of a pure hydroxyapatite coating obtained by detonation spraying. Still, the hydroxyapatite phase is retained in the coating composition. Results obtained by Raman spectroscopy indicate that hydroxyapatite is the main phase in coatings. The morphology of the sprayed coatings was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, and the coatings elemental composition analysis was obtained using an energy-dispersive spectrometer detector. Energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis showed that the elemental composition of the obtained coatings is similar to the elemental composition of the initial powder, which is very important for preserving the coatings services life. © 2021 E.A.Buketov Karaganda State University Publish House. All rights reserved.

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3

Rakhadilov, B.K., Kozhanova, R.S., Baizhan, D., (…), Kalitova, A.A., Zhanuzakova, L.N.

Influence of plasma electrolytic hardening modes on the structure and properties of 65G steel

This work presented a study of the structure, hardness and wear resistance of 65G steel treated with electrolyte-plasma hardening under different conditions. The electrolyte-plasma hardening technology and a laboratory installation for the realisation of electrolyte-plasma hardening are also described. After electrolyte-plasma hardening, we have established that a modified layer consists of the a-phase (martensite) and M3C cementite. The study results showed that electrolyte-plasma hardening makes it possible to obtain layers on the 65G steel surface that provides an increase in microhardness by 2.6 times, wear resistance by two times, resistance to abrasive wear by 1.7 times compared to the original samples. In addition, local hardening ensures the achievement of technical and economic effects due to the absence of the need to isolate an unwanted site of parts, processing only the areas requiring hardening. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

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2

Nugumanova, A., Maulit, A., Mansurova, M., Baiburin, Y.

Understanding Bike Sharing Stations Usage with Chi-Square Statistics

Bike sharing systems have both great potential and great challenge for the development of smart and green urban environment. Many problems, arising from design and operation of bike sharing systems, have no easy solutions and call for complex mathematical models. Nowadays, there are a lot of sophisticated methods for understanding and administration of bike sharing systems, based on Data mining techniques, graph computations, temporal networks models, etc. At the same time, as the digitalization is accelerating, easy and affordable old-school methods are often overlooked. This paper presents a simple but efficient Chi-square test for analyzing bike sharing stations usage in mornings and evenings. The proposed method determines stations that keep the same usage patterns over time. Experiments conducted on CitiBike trip data for New York City’s bike sharing service, have shown promising performance of the proposed method. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Karassayev, G.M., Yensenov, K.A., Naimanbayev, B.R., Oskembay, A.A., Ermukhanova, H.K.

History of regional relations in foreign political activity of the republic of kazakhstan (1991-2014)

Lately legal framework of Kazakhstan’s relations with other countries has been formed, the confidence and respect of the world community for the country has increased. This research article examines the regional partnerships of the East Kazakhstan and North Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2014 on the basis of archival data, documents in collections and analysis of scientific papers. The multifaceted partnerships of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the regions, districts, border areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan distinguished by their importance and effectiveness are studied. Experience in this area shows that such a partnership in foreign policy allows for the full realization of relations, especially in the economic and social spheres. Through such cooperation, it will be possible to deepen interstate relations on the basis of mutual benefit. It will be possible to identify the specifics and bilateral needs of the regions, and further establish contacts on a regular basis. Thus, the purpose of all agreements with foreign countries concluded since the beginning of the 90s of the XX century in economic, cultural, health, education, science and other areas was to involve all regions of Kazakhstan in this relationship. Such activities take into account the provision of cooperation and exchange of experience with countries that have developed through high technical development. © 2021, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. All rights reserved.

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2

Buranich, V.V., Tsyganok, P.S., Pogrebnjak, A.D., (…), Lytovchenko, S.V., Rakhadilov, B.K.

Effect of composition and growth mechanism on the structure formation and functional properties of tialsiyn/mon nanolayer-thick coating

Hard and wear-resistant protective coatings based on metal nitrides have been used for decades as support for the stable functioning of mechanical instrumentation: cutting tools, gears, and drills. Combining multielement nanocomposite (TiAlSiYN) and nanodimensional multilayer (MoN) concepts of coatings deposition, in turn, ensure the way to tune promising properties and performance. In this paper, the coating was synthesized by the reactive cathodic arc deposition at intensive nitrogen pressure and was studied in the internal structure and composition manner. X-ray diffraction and scanning/transmission electron microscopy analyses have revealed the mechanism of coherent growth of fcc TiAlN on fcc γ-Mo₂N along (200) plane. Surface and lateral section contained microdroplet fractions of Mo and Ti–Si–N, respectively, whose formation was attributed to the deposition features and elemental segregation within a coating. The study has unveiled the processes corresponding to nanostructure formation in the nanocomposite and template layers. It was shown that Al bonds prevail in the upper TiAlSiYN layer recognized as an influential factor of the enhanced hardness (33.2 GPa) due to the formation of TiAlN solid solution. The vacancy exchange mechanism in MoN layers was proposed as a source for structural stability. Yet, the tribological tests pointed out the deficiency of lubricating particles in the TiAlSiYN matrix. Additional studies regarding the optimization of composition are required. © 2021 by Begell House, Inc. www.begellhouse.com.

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1

Rakhadilov, B.K., Buitkenov, D.B., Kowalewski, P., Stepanova, O.A., Kakimzhanov, D.

Modification of coatings based on al₂o₃ with concentrated energy flows

This paper presents the study results of structural-phase composition and mechano-tribological properties of Al2O3 coatings after exposure of concentrated energy flows. Revealed that the treated coatings are generally characterized by high microhardness compared to the initial coating. Determined that after treatment with detonation and air-plasma action is observed an increase in the intensity of α-Al2O3 reflexes. Established that the increasing hardness of detonation coatings is associated with an increasing density of the material and the recovery of the α-phase Al2O3 in the composition of the protective layer under the influence of thermal activation of the surface. Determined that after treatment with detonation and plasma exposure is observed an increase in the intensity of reflexes α-Al2O3. Established that the treatment with detonation and air-plasma action leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient. The obtained data indicate that the tribological characteristics of coating based on aluminium oxide can be improved by exposure to concentrated energy flows. Established that coatings treated with plasma action showed high tribological properties. © 2021, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

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1

Kuanyshbekov, Т.K., Akаtаn, K., Kabdrakhmanova, S.K., (…), Imasheva, A., Kаirаtuly, Е.

Synthesis of graphene oxide from graphite by the hummers method

This paper presents the results on the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) from graphite using the Hummers method in which the graphite surface is modificated with such strong acids as H₂ SO₄, HNO₃, KMnO₄ promoted the formation of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the main plane, as well as carbonyl and carboxyl groups at the edges. Obtained results of the synthesis of GO with the oxidation of bulk graphite with strong oxidants, then with subsequent separation into few-layer graphene sheets, contrib-utes to the production of graphene, graphene-like materials in large quantities, with a low cost, a fairly simple synthesis method and the possibility of converting it into graphene. The elemental composition of the obtained GO were studied by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis and the structural characteristics were investigated by the Raman spectroscopy. The thermal stability and chemical function-alisation of GO were determined by the thermogravimetric analysis. The structural and crystal features of the obtained GO from graphite were studied using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). © 2021, Scibulcom Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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4

Gavrilova, Y., Bogdanova, Y., Orsayeva, R., Khimmataliev, D., Rezanovich, I.

Peculiarities of training engineering students with disabilities

In this day and age, there are increasing discussions and calls for shifting towards inclusive education. In view of this, the present study intended to identify the most severe challenges disabled engineering students face according to their own view and find possible ways to solve them. For this particular aim, a survey of 555 students from five universities of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was performed. These were the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, and South Ural State University. The survey was carried out in two stages. The first focused on identifying the main problems of disabled students (physical environment, staff skills and knowledge, theory-practice relationship, assessment peculiarities, and bias). The second intended to define the most critical of them (unadapted physical environment and reduced abilities to apply theoretical knowledge in practice). To resolve these issues, the authors propose the following recommendations to be adopted. These include adapted laboratories and equipment; programs that allow performing practical tasks; engineering tutors able to assist in performing practical tasks; an adapted assessment system with reference to health condition; psychological support to integrate disabled students into an inclusive team and eliminate prejudices. The obtained research findings can be used by other universities to promote a comprehensive integration of students with special needs into the educational process. © 2021 Kassel University Press GmbH. All rights reserved.

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2

Rakhadilov, B.K., Akatan, K., Maulet, M., Kabdrakhmanova, S.K., Magazov, N.M.

Study on the influence of electron beam on the physicochemical properties of polyamide 6

In this research work has been studied the effect of electron irradiation on the properties and structure of PA6 polyamide. The treatment was carried out with an industrial pulse accelerator in air with an irradiation dose in the range of 100-400 kGy. The processed polymer was also studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results of the study was known that electron beam treatment affects the crystal structure of polyamide-PA6, reducing its size. Also, it was found that the radiation dose of 200 kGy is optimal for preserving the crystal structure in comparison with 100, 300 and 400 kGy. © 2021 E.A.Buketov Karaganda State University Publish House. All rights reserved.

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Kakimzhanov, D.N., Rakhadilov, B.K., Buitkenov, D.B., (…), Rakhadilov, M.K., Yeskermessov, D.K.

Obtaining multilayer coatings by the detonation spraying method

This work were studied the effect of technological parameters of detonation spraying on the phase composition and tribological characteristics on the bases of NiCr and Al₂O₃ coatings. As well as there was obtained and investigated multilayer coating on the bases of NiCr/NiCr-Al₂O₃ / Al₂O₃. It was determined that during detonation spraying the phase composition of Al₂O₃ coatings strongly depends on the degree of filling the borehole with a gas mixture. The α-Al₂O₃ -phase content in the coatings increases when the degree of filling is 63% and 54%. Only one CrNi₃ phase is observed on the diffractograms and only increase of reflex intensity (020) at barrel filling by 58% is observed by sputtering on the bases of NiCr coatings in different degrees of barrel filling. The results of the coating nanohardness study showed that the hardness of the Al₂O₃ coating increases depending on the content of α-Al₂O₃ in it. Al₂O₃ coating has the maximum nanohardness values and is 16.42 GPa at the borehole is filled to 63%. The nanohardness of NiCr coating has the maximum values at barrel filling by 58% and consisting of 8.02 GPa. © 2021

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0

Kengesbekov, A.B., Rakhadilov, B.K., Tyurin, Y.N., (…), Kylyshkanov, M.K., Sagdoldina, Z.B.

The influence of pulse-plasma treatment on the phase composition and hardness of Fe-TiB₂-CrB₂ coatings

This work are presented the research results of pulse plasma treatment influence on the phase composition, hardness, roughness and element composition of coatings on the bases of Fe-TiB₂-CrB₂. The Fe-TiB2-CrB2 coating was deposited by detonation method. The following pulse-plasma treatment was used to modify the structure and properties of the surface layers of the sprayed coating. The results of mechanical experiments showed that the hardness of Fe-TiB₂-CrB₂ coating increased after the treatment. On the basis of the X-ray analysis, it has been established that the increase of coating hardness is connected with phase transformations in a surface layer, in particular, with formation of oxide phases and increase of carbide particles quantity. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

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Akatan, K., Kabdrakhmanova, S.K., Abilev, M.B., (…), Bukunova, A.S., Imasheva, A.A.

Effect of the mechanical treatment on structural features of cellulose obtained from Cannabis ruderalis Janisch

The research described in this paper aimed to examine the effect of mechanical activation in a ball mill on the structural features of cellulose obtained by the method of organic solvent oxidation from the stems of hemp (Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.), a common annual plant in the Eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the results obtained by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the crystal structure of the cellulose changed according to certain patterns with increasing speed and time of mechanical activation. IR spectroscopy showed that as the activation rate increased, the value of the absorption spectrum, which characterises the C–O bond signal characteristic of the original cellulose, decreased and disappeared completely at 400 rpm. As a result, the amount of cellulose crystallites decreased and amorphous particles increased. This pattern was also observed by the method of X-ray diffractometry: at 400 rpm, the crystallinity index decreased by 12.2 nm units leading to the excessive destruction of the crystal structure of the cellulose. The surface morphology of the cellulose was maximised with increasing machining speed, and the crystallites were minimised. © 2021, Scibulcom Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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0

Aimukhambet, Z.A., Zhumagazina, A., Dalelbekkyzy, A., Aituganova, S.Sh., Seiputanova, A.K.

Mypthical sympolism in structure of meta-text

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the myth was accepted for the object of study by several fields of science. In general, the human sciences system built a huge system of assumptions and conclusions about the myth, conducted a multi-faceted study in the field of philology, including folklore and literature. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the descriptive method that has afforded revealing peculiarities of myth and its influence on the structure of meta-text. The materials of the paper imply the practical significance for the university teachers of the philological specializations. © 2021 Transilvanian Association for the Literarure and Culture of Romanian People (ASTRA). All rights reserved.

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7

Seiitova, S.B., Satenova, S.K., Kassymova, A.A., (…), Akhmetova, G., Doskeyeva, S.A.

Linguo-cultural peculiarities in geographic names of Ayagoz region

The article aims to study geographic names of Ayagoz region. Toponymy of Ayagoz region is tightly connected to the past of the nation. In the article we classify the formation of toponyms into four large groups. Based on this classification we distinguished in four lexical groups: (1) ancient Turkic layer; (2) Cuman layer; (3) entry layer and (4) basic linguistic layer. The statements are proved by some examples on the onomasiology of the Ayagoz region. Moreover, toponymy is further divided into individual and complex toponyms. We claim that geographic names, i.e. typonymy, describe physical and geographical features of the region in the past. By studying geographic names of Ayagoz region in close relationship with the history of the nation, its economy (farmery or agriculture), culture, faith and beliefs, we can come to many scientific findings and make conclusions. © 2021 Transilvanian Association for the Literarure and Culture of Romanian People (ASTRA). All rights reserved.

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0

Wojcik, W., Karmenova, M., Smailova, S., Tlebaldinova, A., Belbeubaev, A.

Development of data-mining technique for seismic vulnerability assessment

Assessment of seismic vulnerability of urban infrastructure is an actual problem, since the damage caused by earthquakes is quite significant. Despite the complexity of such tasks, today’s machine learning methods allow the use of «fast» methods for assessing seismic vulnerability. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the characteristics of typical urban objects that affect their seismic resistance; using classification and clustering methods. For the analysis, we use kmeans and hkmeans clustering methods, where the Euclidean distance is used as a measure of proximity. The optimal number of clusters is determined using the Elbow method. A decision-making model on the seismic resistance of an urban object is presented, also the most important variables that have the greatest impact on the seismic resistance of an urban object are identified. The study shows that the results of clustering coincide with expert estimates, and the characteristic of typical urban objects can be determined as a result of data modeling using clustering algorithms. © 2021 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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2

Zhanzhaxina, A., Suleimen, Y., Metwaly, A.M., (…), Akatan, K., Luyten, W.

In Vitro and in Silico Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of a Diterpene from Cousinia alata Schrenk

A biologically guided isolation of secondary metabolites from Cousinia alata Schrenk wild plant growing in Akmola region, Kazakhstan, led to the isolation of the bioactive diterpene grindelic acid (1). Six flavonoids were also isolated and identified as retusine (2), pachipodol (3), jaranol (4), penduletin (5), casticin (6), and 5, 7, 3′-trihydroxy-3, 4′-dimethoxyflavone (7). Penduletin (5) showed moderate cytotoxic activity assay. Grindelic acid exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against the Artemia salina nauplii and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The presence of the essential pharmacophoric features of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in the structure of grindelic acid encouraged us to run a molecular docking study against the HDAC enzyme to understand its mechanism of action on a molecular level. Grindelic acid showed a binding mode of interaction similar to that of the cocrystallized ligand and exhibited good binding affinity against HDAC with the binding free energy of -18.70 kcal/mol. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy methods. Compounds (1-7) were isolated for the first time from Cousinia genus. © 2021 Almira Zhanzhaxina et al.

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23

Rakhadilov, B.K., Buitkenov, D.B., Kabdykenova, E., Sagdoldina, Z.B., Zhurerova, L.G.

Effect of the detonation-spraying mode on the tribological properties of NiCr-Al₂O₃ coatings

The article presents the study results of detonation spraying parameters on the phase composition and tribological properties of NiCr-Al₂ O₃ powder coatings. The spraying was carried out at a ratio of the acetylene-oxygen mixture O₂ /C₂ H₂ =1.856. The detonation barrel filling volume with an explosive gas mixture varied from 30% to 68%. It is determined that the phase composition of the NiCr-Al₂ O₃ coatings varies depending on the degree of detonation barrel filling. With an increase in the detonation barrel’s filling volume, the intensity of the NiCr diffraction peaks is decreased, and the intensity of the α -Al₂ O₃ reflexes is increased, which indicates an increase in the content of the Al₂ O₃ phase. When low filling volume, there is determined a low coating density and uneven roughness. The tribological test results showed that with an increase in the detonation barrel filling volume, there is a decrease in the wear volume, which confirms the increase in the coatings wear resistance. Determined that the lowest friction coefficient was recorded in the sample obtained at the barrel filling volume 68%. The coatings’ high wear resistance is associated with an increase in the alpha phase volume fraction of α -Al₂ O₃ and coatings density. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

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Kakimzhanov, D.N., Rakhadilov, B.K., Tyurin, Y.N., (…), Zhurerova, L.G., Dautbekov, M.K.

Influence of pulsed plasma treatment on phase composition and hardness of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings

In this study, the research results of the influence of pulsed plasma treatment on phase composition, hardness, and roughness of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings are presented. The Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating was applied to substrate 12Kh18N10T stainless steel by detonation spraying method. To change the physical and mechanical properties of sprayed coating’s surface layers, subsequent pulse-plasma treatment was used. The pulse-plasma treatment leads to changing the roughness of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating. The results of mechanical tests showed that after pulsed plasma treatment, the hardness of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating is increased. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that the hardness increasing of coating is associated with phase transformations on the surface layer, in particular, the formation of the oxide phase and an increase in the number of carbide particles. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

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7

Akatan, K., Kabdrakhmanova, S., Rakhadilov, B., Abilev, M.

Effect of Electron Beam on Physico-Chemical Properties of PA6 Polyamide

Due to the technical features polyamide-PA6 is widely used in the industry. In this work, polyamide-PA6 was exposed to the radiation dose ranging from 100 kGy to 400 kGy using pulse accelerator. The treated polymer was studied by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DSC methods. It was established that electron beam processing affects the crystalline structure of polyamide-PA6 and reduces its size. Compared to 100 kGy, 300 kGy and 400 kGy, crystalline structure remains without changes at 200 kGy. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

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0

Pavlov, A.V., Kveglis, L.I., Saprykin, D.N., (…), Nemtsev, I.V., Kantai, N.

Emergence of Ferromagnetism in Nanoparticles of BeTiO₃ Ceramic with the Perovskite Structure

Abstract: Emergence of ferromagnetism and an increase in the electrical conductance of BeTiO₃ beryllium ceramic with the perovskite structure were discovered experimentally. To explain the reason for appearance of the metallic properties, models are proposed, and calculations of the electronic structure of nanoclusters with different short-range order are performed. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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Yensenov, K.A., Saurykova, Z.S., Naimanbayev, B.R., Bakhtorazov, S.U., Nurbekova, R.K.

HISTORY of PERSECUTION of the INTELLECTUAL CLASS in KAZAKHSTAN during STALIN’S REPRESSION

The end of the 1930s was marked by a new wave of political repression, which took on a massive character. Strengthening the cult of Stalin’s personality and impatience of all kinds of dissent, attempts to declare all the difficulties of the country’s development as the result of the activities of “enemies of the people” led to the physical elimination of almost all influential leaders who could oppose the regime. Documents and data in this area were collected and used to conduct this study. In 1937-1938, many statesmen of Kazakhstan, as well as representatives of the intelligentsia, were accused of “national-fascism” and espionage. The number of those arrested in 1937 across Kazakhstan reached 105 thousand, of which 22 thousand were shot. The executions of the intelligentsia were called the highest measure of social protection, and the concentration camps that filled the country were places of social prevention. The works of intellectuals were confiscated and banned. These were, in fact, the crimes of totalitarianism that violated and trampled on human rights. The authors used new research data from the state archives of Kazakhstan. In addition, foreign and Kazakh research works on repression in Kazakhstan were analyzed. It was found that despite several attempts, only after the proclamation of independence by Kazakhstan, the victims of the repressions were rehabilitated, and the scientists gained access to archival data and were able to study this period. However, there are still many pressing issues related to repression that need to be explored. © 2020 Editura Universitaria Craiova. All rights reserved.

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Ramazanova, R.A., Samoilov, V.I., Seraya, N.V., (…), Azbanbayev, E.M., Aubakirova, R.A.

Investigation of the kinetics of sulphuric acid leaching of zinc from calamine

This article aims at the research of kinetics of the sulphuric acid leaching of zinc from calamine (hemimorphite) of Shaimerden deposits. The ratio of zinc extraction from calamine to water-soluble zinc sulphate was determined at various leaching durations and its temperatures. The concentration of the sulfuric acid solution, the flow rate of this solution and the size of the calamine particles, selected in the course of this work for leaching zinc from this mineral with the specified solution, made it possible to establish the value of the “apparent” activation energy of the reaction of calamine with sulfuric acid, amounting to 3,075 kJ / mol. © 2021, Faculty of Metallurgy. All rights reserved.

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2022 год

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Индекс цитирования

Nurekenova, E.S., Sholpanbayeva, K.Zh., Apysheva, A.A., Rakhimberdinova, M.U., Shaikhanova, N.K.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT DURING THE KAZAKHSTAN INTEGRATION INTO THE EAEU | [OCENA EFEKTYWNOŚCI EKONOMICZNEJ ZARZĄDZANIA PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWEM PRZEMYSŁOWYM W CZASIE INTEGRACJI KAZACHSTANU Z EUG]

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the measures taken and to identify areas for further integration cooperation. The originality of the study is determined by the fact that the formalisation of Kazakhstan integration into the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) structures allows expanding the possibilities of building cooperative ties. This requires greater involvement of enterprises in the integration and the development of a unified state system to assess the effectiveness of integration associations. The authors show that, in general, the integration of Kazakhstan and the EAEU can be assessed based on a common methodology for the economic efficiency of individual enterprises. The authors suggest the adapted methodology of the balanced scorecard system since it is appropriate in this case. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to clarify the structural features of integration and calculate efficiency in general based on the results of the cooperation of Kazakh enterprises with external partners. The development of such an assessment system can also be implemented taking into account the need to counter the global economic crisis. © 2022, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved.

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Kaliuzhnyi, S., Alontseva, D., Voinarovych, S., (…), Faizrakhmanov, Z., Bektasova, G.

Microplasma-sprayed multilayer coatings for electric heating elements

The paper presents new results on the application of microplasma spraying (MPS) for manufacturing electric heating elements (EHEs) consisting of a St3 steel plate (the substrate) with a sprayed electrically insulating Al2O3 sublayer (400±50 μm thick) and TiO2 electric heating tracks (4 mm width; 150±50 μm thickness). Measurements of the temperature of the multilayer coating with a thermal imager enabled determination of the temperature distribution over the surface of the EHE. The electric strength and conductivity tests showed the efficiency of the sprayed EHEs up to a temperature of 200°C. The results of analysis of the causes of material losses during MPS of electric heating tracks (TiO2) are presented, and the optimal parameters for efficient MPS of coatings in the form of narrow tracks on steel substrates are determined. Using regression analyses, the equation for the influence of MPS parameters on the coating transfer efficiency (CTE) is obtained. Process parameters such as the electric current and the plasma-forming gas flow rate have been found to have the greatest influence on the CTE. In the experiment, a high efficiency of the sprayed material during MPS of electric heating tracks of TiO2 powder was established (the maximum CTE reached 89%), which indicates the prospects for using MPS technology in the production of EHEs for DC electric heating and for maintaining the temperature of product surfaces up to 200°C. © 2022 Sergii Kaliuzhnyi et al., published by Sciendo.

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Rakhimberdinova, M., Nurekenova, E., Ordabayeva, M., (…), Saifullina, Y., Kuttybaeva, N.

Role of Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex to Create Areas of Agritourism

Agritourism is rapidly developing in many countries, but despite this, little is known about the specific implementation, the actual scope and effectiveness of public and private measures to support the development of agriculture and agritourism, especially in recent times. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the development of agro-industrial complex for the creation of agrotourism zones on the materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The integration of agrotourism is a breakthrough for the prosperity of rural industry and the revitalization of rural areas. In addition, agricultural eco-efficiency and the integration of agro-tourism are closely related, so studying the relationship between them is of great importance for realizing high-quality agro-ecological development. © 2022 Rakhimberdinova, M., et al..

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2

Sagdoldina, Z., Zhurerova, L., Tyurin, Y., (…), Abildinova, S., Kozhanova, R.

Modification of the Surface of 40 Kh Steel by Electrolytic Plasma Hardening

The high-strength, medium-carbon alloy construction steel 40 Kh is commonly used in the manufacture of tools and machine parts. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening on the surface hardening and microstructure modification of 40 Kh steel. The research was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and micro-hardness measurements. Modified samples were obtained at different electrolyte plasma thermal cycling modes. As a result of the heat treatment, hardened layer segments of different thicknesses and structural composition formed on the surface of the steel. The parameters and mechanisms of surface hardening were determined by examining the microstructural modification and phase transformation both before and after treatment. It was revealed that the main morphological structural-phase component of the initial state of 40 Kh steel was a ferrite–pearlite structure, and after electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening, the hardened martensite phase was formed. It was found that in order to achieve a hardening depth of 1.6 mm and an increase in hardness to 966 HV, the optimum time for electrolytic plasma treatment of 40 Kh steel was 2 s. The technology under discussion gives an insight into the surface hardening potential for improving the service life and reliability of 40 Kh steel. © 2022 by the authors.

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1

Dautbekov, M.K., Rakhadilov, B.K., Zhurerova, L.G., (…), Elistratov, S.L., Segeda, T.A.

A Technology for Making Detonation Coatings on Power Equipment Parts Made of Grade 12Kh1MF Steel

Abstract—: The article presents the results obtained from experimental studies of Cr₃C₂–NiCr coatings applied, using the detonation-spraying method, on grade 12Kh1MF heat-resistant steel, including those on the effect that the Cr₃C₂–NiCr coating application process technological parameters have on the coating’s structure and properties. In the tests, a detonation gun with a single dosing device was used. Detonation gun spraying is one of the methods for thermally producing a protective layer on the surface, characterized by the fact that it allows hard, wear resistant and dense microstructured coatings to be obtained. Acetylene–oxygen mixture served as combustible gas, which is most frequently used for detonation spraying of powder materials. A nitrogen or air pulse is used for purging the gun barrel after each detonation. This process is repeated several times a second. A high kinetic energy of hot powder particles, as they collide against the substrate, results in that a very dense and strong coating is produced. The obtained coatings have a heterogeneous layered porous structure with undulate location of 60–120 µm-thick structural components with the layered-porous structure. There are no pores or cracks at the substrate-to-coating interface. The profile arithmetic mean deviation R_a is selected as the key roughness measurement parameter. It has been determined that, with the gun barrel volume filled by 64% with explosive mixture, the processed sample surface features a low wear degree. The results from studying the effect that the detonation spraying has on the coating structural-phase composition and tribological properties using the X-ray structural analysis method are given, which have shown that the Cr₃C₂, Cr₇C₃, Cr₃O₆, Cr₂₃C₆, and CrNi₃ phases are produced. The microhardness, roughness, and tribological properties of the obtained coatings have been determined. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

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Orsayeva, R., Vasyaev, A., Shestak, V.

Mechanisms for protecting children’s rights and the role of psychological services in the juvenile justice system of Russia against the background of international practices

Background: The study examines children’s rights as a social and legal institution, adapting to the modern context, associated with new views on the psychology of the child and his legal personality. In addition, the study raises the question of the role of medical psychology and psychological practice in the juvenile justice system of Russia from the point of view of the foundations of legal regulation. The research outlines the problems of the implementation of the protection of children’s rights in Russia and suggestions for the legislative improvement of the mechanism. Through the use of the interpretative approach, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is considered as a source of soft law, requiring pluralization of practice pursuant to international rules. Results: The comparison of the two key approaches to the Convention, the dual status of the child and the public/private dilemma, is a basis for studying current problems in Russia through discourses on rights of a child. The comparison highlights the limitations and peculiarities common to both Russia and foreign states clarifying possible strategies for improving the implementation of rights of a child in different countries. The article examines the current legislation, which sets incentives for the development of the juvenile justice system. The foreign experience has been analyzed and the possibility of its implementation into the national legal system has been considered. It was the legal norms that the research was based on. The analytical framework of the study relies on both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The aim of the current research is to analyze the degree of protection of children’s rights in Russia, as well as the system of juvenile justice. This required the assessment of the current political and cultural context, as well as the moral aspect that affects the development of the mechanism for protecting children’s rights in Russia. Conclusions: The practical significance of the research carried out implies the possibility of using the results obtained in the development of legislative acts in the field of protecting the rights of children and the juvenile justice system. © 2022, The Author(s).

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Baizhan, D., Rakhadilov, B., Zhurerova, L., (…), Adilkanova, M., Kozhanova, R.

Investigation of Changes in the Structural-Phase State and the Efficiency of Hardening of 30CrMnSiA Steel by the Method of Electrolytic Plasma Thermocyclic Surface Treatment

Electrolytic plasma thermocyclic surface hardening is an attractive solution for both chemical and heat treatment used to improve the properties of the steel surface by structural and phase transformation. Structural and phase transformations occurring during the process of electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening are performed repeatedly at varying heating–cooling temperatures, which radically improve the quality of the part and give them properties unattainable by means of one-time processing. The impact of electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening modes on the structure and mechanical and tribological properties of 30CrMnSiA steel is investigated. The structural and phase components were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as X-ray phase analysis. It is established that the structure of the cross-section is characterized by the following zonality: zone 1—a near-surface hardened zone, which is composed of hardened martensite; zone 2—thermal influence; and zone 3—a matrix consisting of pearlite and ferrite. The microhardness and wear resistance of the hardened surface were evaluated by nanoindentation and “ball on disk” methods, respectively. Nanoindentation analysis demonstrated that the indentation hardening process provides a maximum increase in hardness by three times and an increase in stiffness with a decrease in the elastic modulus by 38% compared to the original steel. The results of tribological studies show that electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening increases the resistance of steel to friction by increasing the surface hardness and reduces the area of actual contact during friction. It is established that the microhardness of the cross-section decreases proportionally from the surface to the depth of the layer, which is associated with a decrease in the volume content of martensite. © 2022 by the authors.

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2

Sagdoldina, Z., Shestakov, K., Yermolenko, M., (…), Rakhadilov, B., Kambarov, Y.

Magnesium Oxide Production by Plasma Chemical Conversion from Fluorine-Containing Industrial Waste

This work discusses the possibility of decomposing magnesium fluoride by ionized water vapor to form solid magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas in the reaction: MgF₂ + H₂O → MgO + 2HF. The technology and individual apparatuses of the plasma-chemical installation are described, and the influence of the fractional composition of magnesium fluoride powder on the productivity of the plasma conversion process is considered. To improve the efficiency of the plasma pyrolysis process, a method for making magnesium fluoride briquettes was developed. The completeness of the conversion process of magnesium fluoride to an oxide was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the study of objects in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by X-ray diffractometry. It was found that the conversion process of magnesium fluoride to magnesium oxide has a relatively high degree of decomposition of magnesium fluoride fraction ≤75 µm. The use of the proposed processing method makes it possible to obtain pure magnesium oxide as a commercial product and to utilize fluorine-containing industrial waste. © 2022 by the authors.

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1

Bauyrzhan, R., Alexander, P., Zhuldyz, S., (…), Vyacheslav, B., Mukhamedova, A.

Effect of Bilayer Thickness and Bias Potential on the Structure and Properties of (TiZr/Nb)N Multilayer Coatings as a Result of Arc-PVD Deposition

This work is devoted to the study of the formation of nanostructured multilayer coatings (TiZr/Nb)N on the surface of an AISI 321 steel substrate depending on the deposition parameters of the Arc-PVD method. The results of the X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of solid solution (TiNb)N and ZrN in the multilayer coatings with an FCC structure, ε-NbN with a hexagonal structure, as well as with a small volume fraction of the ε-Ti₂N and β-Nb₂N phase. On the basis of phase composition data, it is possible to assume that an increase in the number of bilayers leads to a decrease in the nitrogen concentration in the bilayers and, consequently, to a decrease in the volume fraction of ε-NbN and β-Nb₂N nitrides. In all investigated systems obtained at −100 V and −200 V bias potentials, ε-NbN is the main phase. The study of the element distribution over the thickness of the (TiZr/Nb)N coating confirms the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis. The use of the structure model in the form of alternating layers allows for significantly improving the adhesion characteristics of the protective coating, as well as ensuring their high hardness. Based on the experimental results, it is possible to analyze changes in the mechanical and tribological properties of multilayer coatings depending on the number of applied bilayers. The results of the study of the elastic modulus and hardness of multilayer coatings (TiZrNb)N with different numbers of bilayers showed that a large number of bilayers (small thickness of each individual layer) shows the lowest value of hardness. It is assumed that as the bilayer thickness decreases, the coating characteristics are closer to the monolayer alloy than to the multilayer structure. © 2022 by the authors.

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3

Kengesbekov, A., Rakhadilov, B., Sagdoldina, Z., (…), Dosymov, Y., Kylyshkanov, M.

Improving the Efficiency of Air Plasma Spraying of Titanium Nitride Powder

The operation modes of a plasmatron for powder coating spraying have been studied. The plasmatron has a node of annular input and a gasdynamic focusing of the powder, and the outlet holes of the nozzle-anode are made in the form of rectangular narrowing-expanding channels (No.34334 RK: IPC H05H 1/42). The dynamics and trajectories of the powder particles in the plasmatron were investigated. The paper analyzes the influence of plasmatron arc current and working gas flow rate on the structure and properties of the obtained coatings. It is established that the phase composition of the sprayed coatings and the initial powder is the same: the main phase is the compound TiN, in addition, the structure contains the phase TiO₂. The results of tribological tests of the coatings under dry friction conditions according to the ball-on-disk scheme are presented. Within the framework of this study, it can be said, from the point of view of obtaining denser coatings with high performance characteristics, that the optimal modes of plasma spraying of TiN powder are a current of 250 A and the working gas flow rate of argon 34 L/min. © 2022 by the authors.

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2

Zhilkashinova, A., Abilevv, M., Zhambakin, D., Zhilkashinova, A., Pavlov, A.

Study of the structure and properties of SiC ceramics

This paper presents the results of the entropy calculation of the equilibrium constants of chemical reactions at liquid-phase sintering of SiC ceramics with eutectic additives. The composition of the charge for sintering ceramics with nanoadditives forming the liquid phase was determined: MnO_nano 1.5 wt. % + Al₂O_3nano 2 wt.% + SiC_µm 94 wt. % + SiO_2µm 2.5 wt. %. Possible chemical reactions of liquid-phase sintering of ceramics at a temperature of 1800 °C in a weakly reducing CO medium were established. The values of the change in the Gibbs energy for all possible chemical reactions at a sintering temperature of 1800 °C were calculated by the method of entropy calculation of the equilibrium constants. The elements of the liquid phase and reinforcing additives were determined.The elements of the liquid phase and reinforcing additives were determined. The structure and properties of finished sintered ceramic samples were studied. Microstructural analysis of ceramics indicated its grain structure with an average grain size of ~10 µm. The main phase components of the ceramics based on silicon oxide were determined. It was found that the sample consists of three main phases: modification of the ring radical of silicate Si₃O₆, silicon dioxide SiO₂ and anorthoclase (SiAl)O₄. © This is an open access article under the (CC)BY-NC license.

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0

Skakov, M.K., Ocheredko, I.A., Bayandinova, M.B., Tuyakbaev, B.T.

The impact of technological parameters of the torch to physical and chemical properties of a gas-thermal burner for spraying ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

The values of the heat flux density, transverse and longitudinal temperature gradients of the gas-thermal burner torch, the type of reaction during the combustion in various modes (reducing, neutral, oxidizing) depending on the mass fractions of the fuel and oxidizer burning have been determined in this paper. The significant role of the torch temperature as one of the most important parameters determining the quality of polymer coatings obtained by the gas-thermal method has been established. A spatial model of a gas-thermal burner has been designed, which allows to obtain thermal modes at specified technological parameters. A physical model of the interactions “torch-polymer particle”, “thermal jet – base” has been developed. The necessary density of the torch heat flux for the complete melting of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles not exceeding the temperature threshold of destruction has been determined. The required rate of introduction the UHMWPE powders into the burner flame has been also determined. Based on the calculations of the “torch-polymer particle interaction”, the optimal geometry of the torch, the particles trajectory in the torch and the spraying distances have been determined. © 2022, al-Farabi Kazakh State National University. All rights reserved.

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2

Kengesbekov, A., Sagdoldina, Z., Torebek, K., (…), Abdulina, S., Maulet, M.

Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Metal Oxide Compounds

In this work, the influence of the technological parameters of the detonation method on the formation of metal oxide compounds on the basis of titanium was investigated. The aim of the work was to investigate the method of the effective control of the phase composition and microstructure of titanium-based coatings during detonation spraying. The main parameters that varied in detonation spraying were the volume of filling the detonation barrel with explosive mixture and the oxygen/fuel ratio. The mechanism of formation of the gradient structure of coatings based on metal oxide compounds depending on the technological parameters of detonation spraying was considered. The structural-phase states and tribological properties of detonation coatings were investigated by the following methods: X-ray phase analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX-mapping), profilometry, and the test for wear-resistance according to the “ball-disk” scheme. It is shown that the phase composition of coatings may significantly change relative to the initial titanium powder during the detonation spraying due to the interaction of particles of powders with components of the gas atmosphere. Varying the spraying parameters may control the chemical reaction and provide conditions for the synthesis of the desired phases in the coatings (titanium oxide TiO₂ and Ti₂O₃). © 2022 by the authors.

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2

Rakhadilov, B., Kakimzhanov, D., Buitkenov, D., (…), Zhurerova, L., Sagdoldina, Z.

Structural Phase Transformations in Detonation Coatings Based on Ti₃SiC₂ after Pulse-Plasma Effect

This work presents the results of the study on the effect of pulse-plasma treatment on the structural-phase states of the surface layer of detonation coatings based on Ti₃SiC₂. Structural-phase studies were carried out by three main methods: scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron diffraction microscopy on thin foils and X-ray structural analysis. It was determined that after the pulse-plasma treatment, an increase in the intensity of the Ti₃SiC₂ peaks was observed, and the appearance of new reflections (101, 102, 112, 204, 1110, 0016) of this phase was detected, which indicates the increase in the MAX-phase content. It was determined that after the pulse-plasma treatment, the fraction of voids (pores) and the particle area decreased and the microstructure became more homogeneous, which resulted in the densification of the Ti₃SiC₂-based detonation coating. It was found that the process of detonation spraying with subsequent pulse-plasma treatment resulted in the formation of a Ti₃SiC₂-based coating, with TSC carbosilicide (Ti₃SiC₂) 0] plane reflexes, lamellar layered structure, and reduced porosity. © 2022 by the authors.

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Daumova, G., Seraya, N., Azbanbayev, E., (…), Aubakirova, R., Reutova, G.

Utilization of Spent Sorbent in the Production of Ceramic Bricks

The composition and technology for the production of semi-dry ceramic bricks using a nanostructured complex sorbent based on bentonite clay of the 11th horizon of the Tagan deposit of the Republic of Kazakhstan and basalt fiber (gabbro-diabase) of the Karauzek deposit of East Kazakhstan have been developed. The characteristics, chemical composition, and structure of the spent sorbent are given based on electron microscopic and X-ray phase analyses. A number of physical and mechanical parameters have been studied to evaluate the spent sorbent as a raw material for the production of ceramic products. The microstructures of fired ceramic samples with loam and spent sorbent have been studied, and the features of their structure have been revealed. The environmental safety of waste sorbents utilization by extraction in acidic, alkaline, and neutral media with the determination of the content of chromium, zinc, and iron ions has been studied. Experimentally obtained data indicate an insignificant concentration of chromium and zinc ions, not exceeding 3.5 µg/L. Relatively high concentrations of iron ions in ceramic bricks are associated with their high content in the feedstock and in the spent sorbent. It has been established that the introduction of the spent sorbent in the amount of 25% of the total mass increases the strength of the final product from 10.8 to 15.8 MPa, which corresponds to the M125 ceramic brick grade. © 2022 by the authors.

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Kurmanova, A., Kozhayeva, S., Ayupova, G., (…), Baizhumanova, B., Aubakirova, Z.

University students’ relationship with technology: Psychological effects on students

The concept of digital natives is a frequently heard concept today. We live intertwined with technology. As in every field, technology has also taken its place in the fields of education. In addition to the advantages of technology products that facilitate the life of university students academically, physically, psychologically and socially, they also have negative effects in terms of physical, psychological and sociological aspects. Especially due to the misuse of smartphones, mobile Internet and social media, university students experience many problems such as technology addiction, nomophobia, netlessphobia and problematic social media use. In terms of socialisation, it is seen that university students are more affected by the psychological factors brought by technology, as they use it extensively in their academic studies and access to information. For this purpose, this study aims to determine the views of university students on the psychological effects of technology. Within the scope of this general purpose, a study was conducted with 84 university freshmen. In order to reach the aim of the research, five open-ended questions developed by the researcher were asked. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that university students have problems because they do not use technology correctly. This situation disrupts social relationships and affects communication. The use of technological tools by students may cause social phobia, communication problems, academic success, emotional turmoil and physical harm to physical health. For conscious use, it can be recommended to inform students by giving trainings. © 2022, Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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2

Yensenov, K.A., Naimanbayev, B.R., Orazbakov, A.Zh., Nurbekova, R.K., Bulgynbaeva, A.K.

Rehabilitation of Deportees to Kazakhstan

During the Soviet era, in the 20s and 50s of the XX century, repressions and forced migration were widespread. We have used methods of historical retrospective, analysis and synthesis. Documents of the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used in the study. It was found that during the Soviet era, mass deportations to Kazakhstan led to the deportation of Poles in 1936, Koreans in 1937-1938, Iranians in 1938-1939, Germans in 1941, Karachays in 1943, and Chechen-Ingush in 1944. In addition, there was a case of forcible dissolution of the National Autonomies of nations. As a result, thousands and millions of people of different nationalities were forcibly evicted. The fate of deported peoples changed after I.V. Stalin’s death in 1953. In 1956, XX Congress was held in the Soviet Union. It paved the way for the liberation from the «cult of personality» and the restoration of the rights of repressed and deported peoples, the process of rehabilitation. The rehabilitation process was carried out from 1954 to 1960, the rights of persecuted peoples were restored and the autonomies were reorganised. © 2022 Transnational Press London Ltd. All rights reserved.

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2

Gulnara, T., Nurlan, Y., Tokanovich, K.S., (…), Nagashbekovich, A.B., Medeu, A.

Development of students’ professional skills through media technologies

The concept of generation is used to describe a group of people who were born in the same years and experienced similar social events, troubles and obligations under the conditions of the same age. Generational formation is generally classified according to age and sociological phenomena. However, today, factors such as technology, differentiating social values, changing career perceptions, education and working conditions reveal the necessity of evaluating the classification according to different dimensions. The field of professional competence is an important issue all over the world. Especially with the technology that has developed and continues to develop in recent years, the qualifications of teachers in this field are important. We live in the age of technology. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of teacher candidates studying at the Faculty of Education about the ‘Media Literacy’ course. For this purpose, the case study method, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used. 71 students studying in the Faculty of Education at the university constituted the study group of the research. Semi-structured interview questions prepared by the researchers were used. In the analysis of data collection tools, the qualitative data analysis programme NVivo 8.0 was used and the results were interpreted with content analysis. When the results obtained from the research were examined, it was concluded that the media literacy course should be given in earlier periods. The most preferred media tools were television and the Internet. It has been concluded that media literacy provides human skills and teaching in the teaching process. Considering the results of this research, the importance of the media literacy course in terms of professional development at the university was emphasised. © 2022 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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0

Sumbembayev, A.A., Tergenbaeva, Z.H.T., Kudabayeva, G.M., (…), Genievskaya, Y.A., Szlachetko, D.L.

Assessment of state of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Orchidaceae) populations from the Altai mountains of Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of studying the current state of populations of a rare species-Dactylorhiza fuchsii in the Kazakhstan Altai. As a result of expeditionary studies, four main regions were identified, which were represented by 12 populations. Floristic plasticity according to the Jaccard coefficient (12-24%) showed a high heterogeneity in the studied populations. The cluster population dendrogram showed a clear dependence of the floristic composition of accompanying species on geographic location in terms of species similarity and differences of communities. External similarity was studied according to 10 morphometric features. The PCA analysis shows that the external structure is influenced by vertical zoning. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a stable direct and inverse dependence of morphometric characteristics on some environmental conditions (0.74-0.95). According to the data ANOVA disperse analysis, among studied environmental factors, soil nutrient richness (N) and humidity (F) had demonstrated the broadest significant effects (P-values from < 2e-16 to 0.001 for N and from 8.02e-09 to 0.02 for F) on plants morphology influencing eight out of ten morphological traits. Distribution regions of D. fuchsii have low vitality, and most populations are characterized as depressed. The results harmoniously complement the fundamental research on the state of D. fuchsii populations throughout the distribution range of the species. © 2022, Society for Indonesian Biodiversity. All rights reserved.

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3

Brimzhanova, S., Atanov, S., Moldamurat, K., (…), Brimzhanova, K., Seitmetova, A.

An intelligent testing system development based on the shingle algorithm for assessing humanities students’ academic achievements

Computer-based testing of humanities students has some inconveniences and difficulties, where the whole learning process is practically based on communicative methods. In this regard, one needs such a testing system, which would allow one to ask open-ended questions, and students would be able to enter detailed answers. Despite the popularity of using the shingle algorithm in determining plagiarism, few researchers have attempted to use it in assessing the academic achievements of students. In this regard, the aim of this study was to develop an intelligent testing system based on the shingle algorithm in assessing the academic achievements of humanities students. Taking into account that during testing humanities students will formulate answers of their own understanding, the developed system should be able to determine the degree of their identity to the correct answer. At the same time, answers with a high degree of correspondence to the answer stored in the dictionary should also be entered in the database as one of the variants of the correct answer. The shingle algorithm, stemming, and MD5 hashing algorithms were used to achieve this goal. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated in terms of degree of matching (S), completeness (P), F-measure and performance (t). The experiment involved 120 humanities students in 2–3 courses at the age of 18–20 years, including 80 girls and 40 boys. It was found that the effectiveness of the developed algorithm is achieved at the optimal time t = 77% and the degree of compliance of the final grade F = 77%. In this case, the final score of the F-measure fully reflects the result at the proportion of truthfulness equal to 0.5 and is directly proportional to the degree of compliance (S) and completeness (P) of use. It is found that a high value of the matching degree (S) is achieved with a smaller shingle length, while with a larger shingle length the matching degree decreases, thus, the probability of finding the same phrase in two documents increases. In addition, with smaller shingle lengths, the time spent calculating checksums is longer, and with larger shingle lengths, the time spent calculating checksums is shorter. Calculations showed that the optimal shingle algorithm efficiency was at the length of the shingle N = 5 of the average data processing time. The results of this study show that the developed algorithm can be included in pedagogical practice in order to objectively assess the learning achievements of humanities students, taking into account their communicative and cognitive abilities. In the future, the developed algorithm can also be used in other areas requiring text analysis, in particular for checking plagiarism. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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1

Skakov, M., Zhilkashinova, A., Zhilkashinova, A., (…), Agelmenev, M., Ismailova, A.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structural-Phase State and Properties of a Multilayer Co-Cr-Al-Y Coating

The article describes the effect of heat treatment on the structural-phase state and properties of a multilayer Cr-Al-Co-Y coating obtained by magnetron sputtering. Heat treatment was carried out at 400, 800 and 1000 °C. The study of the microstructure was carried out by electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. The surface of the samples was studied by atomic force microscopy. The thickness of the Co-Cr-Al-Y coatings was 1.5–1.7 ± 0.2 µm. The obtained coatings are characterized by a hardness of 4.7–6.4 GPa. A distinctive feature of the layers is the absence of a crystalline structure in some areas of the coating. The main process occurring during the thermal treatment is the formation of a spinel-type phase. For a single-layer sample after heat treatment at 400 °C, it was not possible to fix extraneous reflections except for the reflections of the silicon substrate 111 and 220. For the rest of the samples, the appearance of reflections of a number of phases was noticed, such as: SiO₂, CoO, AlSi_0.5O_2.5 and CrAl_0.42Si_1.58. An increase in the treatment temperature up to 800 °C did not lead to significant changes. In the case of the multilayer sample, the reflections of various impurity phases disappeared and the Co₃O₄ phase was formed. For samples treated at 1000 °C, the formation of a spinel-type phase (Co₃O₄-CoCr₂O₄) was observed in all cases. Data on the structural-phase state and properties of the multilayer Co-Cr-Al-Y coating can be used to predict the nature of such coatings after heat treatment. © 2022 by the authors.

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1

Nugumanova, A., Akhmed-Zaki, D., Mansurova, M., Baiburin, Y., Maulit, A.

NMF-based approach to automatic term extraction

This work describes automatic term extraction approach based on the combination of the probabilistic topic modelling (PTM) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Topic modeling algorithms including NMF-based ones do not require expensive and time-consuming manual annotations for domain terms, but only a corpus of domain documents. The topics emerge from the corpus documents without any supervision as sets of most probable words. This work is aimed to investigate how fully and precisely these most probable words from topics can reflect domain terminology. We run a series of experiments on the novel, qualitatively annotated dataset ACTER that was first used in the TermEval 2020 Shared Task. We compare five different NMF algorithms and four different NMF initializations when changing the number of topics extracted from documents and the number of most probable words extracted from topics in order to determine optimal combinations for best performance of term extraction. Finally, we compare the obtained optimal combinations of NMF with the competitive methods in TermEval 2020 and prove that our approach is second only to two much more sophisticated, domain-dependent supervised methods. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

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7

Sanat, K., Nurbol, U., Bakhadurkhan, A., (…), Zukhra, D., Gulfat, K.

Teachers’ opinions about technological pedagogical content knowledge used in geography lessons

Technology is used in every country in the world, in every field. The number of technology-supported trainings in which students are active is increasing day by day. Computers and the Internet are the most widely used technologies in geography lessons today, as in every field. In this research, it is aimed to determine which technologies are used in geography lessons; how often these technologies are used; and if there are problems experienced in this process, what are they. In order to achieve this aim, open-ended questions were applied to 12 geography teachers working in 12 different schools and 40 students taking this course. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the technological tools used in geography lessons are limited. It is stated that among the problems experienced by the teachers, the infrastructure of the school is not suitable for technological tools, and the deterioration in technological tools creates problems. It was concluded that teachers frequently use technological tools. It has also been concluded that the most used technological tools are smart boards and projection devices. The results for the students are quite sad. Students stated that they want to use technological tools more frequently in their lessons and that their learning is more permanent in this way. © 2022 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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Zhilkashinova, A., Skakov, M., Zhilkashinova, A., Prokhorenkova, N., Abilev, M.

Features of structural-phase states of Co-Cr-Al-Y composite coatings after heat treatment

This article describes the results of studying the structural-phase state of composite Co-Cr-Al-Y coatings in the initial state and after thermal treatment, obtained because of using the developed magnetron method for applying multilayer coatings with a controlled concentration of constituent elements. According to the results of SEM measurements, it was revealed that unannealed coatings form dense coatings with a columnar structure. The results of transmission electron microscopy confirm the SEM and EDS measurements, and there are clear layer boundaries in the structure for each type of multilayer coating. A distinctive feature of the synthesized layers is the almost complete absence of a crystalline structure for all types of Co-Cr-Al-Y multilayer coatings, which is apparently due to the amorphous properties of cobalt and its tendency to form metallic glasses. The main process occurring during the heat treatment of the studied multilayer coatings is the formation of a spinel-type phase. The obtained results of experimental studies give new, deeper ideas about the processes of formation of structural-phase states of composite coatings obtained by magnetron sputtering. © This is an open access article under the (CC)BY-NC license.

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Rakhimberdinova, M., Nurekenova, E., Duarte, Á., Suieubayeva, S., Ordabayeva, M.

Predictors Influencing the Choice of Master’s Programs in the Tourism Industry

The authors analyzed trends in integration of education, science and business in an industrially developed area. New ways of interaction between universities, research organizations and businesses are proposed especially in the field of tourism industry. The dynamic change in global economic processes entails reform education in this area of study, which from a method of simple reproduction of labor was transformed into a source of growth for economically and socially active population groups capable of acting in a competitive environment. The need to train highly qualified personnel to quickly changing working conditions is a priority for states and organizations, focused on meeting their economic goals. In Kazakhstan, the requirements for university education are increasing. It due to both new conditions on the labor market and the increased role of “lifelong education». The number of people applying for university education is growing. Is growing competition between different universities, between universities and other research institutions, between private and public education. Representatives of the business community, in turn, make demands on how they would like to see graduates of Kazakh universities. Business success depends on the ability of employees of firms to quickly restructure their activities in the changing conditions. That is why domestic business is becoming interested in the reform education: it needs specific specialists definitely in tourism area, and it is ready to financially support their training. © 2022 by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved.

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7

Pronin, S.A., Bagaev, M.V., Asmolova, L.A., Kakieva, L.Kh.

Determination of generations of textbooks on the theory and methodology of sports in the aspect of evolutionary development

Objective of the study was to identify generations of textbooks on the theory and methodology of sports. Methods and structure of the study. Consideration of the evolution of textbooks on the theory and methodology of sports made it possible to distinguish five generations. Each of the generations is a qualitative step in achieving the goal of vocational education-to develop the skill of managing the training process in changing conditions. Currently, the vast majority of textbooks on the theory and methodology of sports are approximately at the level of the second generation. Poor development of practical applications for sports forecasting makes it difficult to move to third generation textbooks. © 2022, Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta. All rights reserved.

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0

Kalioldanovna, Y.G., Roza, N., Аrzanbayeva, B., (…), Azimkhan, Y., Omarov, N.

Training of primary school teachers in the use of information technology

In the research, it is aimed to provide primary school teachers with education about the use of information technology topics. The research was applied in the spring semester of 2021–2022. The study, which was conducted with the participation of 246 primary school teachers, was conducted in a screening model. In the study, 5-week distance education and information technology education were provided to primary school teachers. In order to collect data, a data collection tool developed by the people who created the study was used in the study. Data collected by the data collection tool are presented in the tables and the results of the survey in the comments are added to the obtained results. Considering the research in this field of primary school teachers training in the use of information technology shows that the use in their condition is good and it is seen that the results have been achieved. © 2022 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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2

Tarasov, K.O., Ponkina, E.V., Nugumanova, A.B.

EFFECT OF FARMING TECHNOLOGIES INTENSIFICATION ON WHEAT YIELD IN THE DRY STEPPE OF SIBERIA: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE METHOD OF PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING

The study examines the effect of crop production technology intensification on wheat yield under drought conditions. The causal effect of fertilizers and herbicides usage was quantified based on a dataset of reports from 196 farms located in the Kulunda Steppe in Altai Krai. To quantify causal effects, the various methods were tested – Two Means Comparison tests and Linear regression. Due to the not experimental nature of the data, Propensity Score Matching was used to balance the sample based on the main indicative signs (covariates). We refined the effects of crop technologies intensification based on the balanced sample. The results showed that, according to all considered methods, intensification of agriculture even in the dry climatic conditions resulted in the expected growth of wheat yield. The average causal effect of intensive farming was +2.02 dt/ha. The results also showed that it is possible to obtain more correct estimates of causal effects based on balanced samples. Using simple approaches like Two Means Comparison methods lead to underestimation or overestimation. Finally, we highlighted some limitations and peculiarities of the Propensity Score Matching method. However, the Propensity Score Matching can be considered a good and prospective tool for developing digital services in agricultural analytics. © 2022, Science and Innovation Center Publishing House. All rights reserved.

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0

Nikolaeva, V.N., Dolanbayeva, G.T., Khosnutdinova, T.S., Bogdanova, X.O., Zharkova, S.V.

Monitoring of viral and fungal diseases of potatoes in East Kazakhstan

The presented article discusses ways to solve a very important problem concerning both agricultural producers and the population of any country — the cultivation and production of a sufficient number of potato tubers. Modern varieties of potatoes cultivated in the fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan are capable of yielding marketable tubers of more than 100 c/ha, but they realize their biological potential under production conditions by 15-30% [12]. A long process of vegetative reproduction of a culture contributes to the progressive accumulation of viral, viroid, fungal, and bacterial pathogens in plants [2]. The most effective way to improve the health of seed material at present is to obtain a healthy material based on the method of micropropagation [2-3; 12]. Potato varieties resistant to late blight were experimentally identified: Tavria, Vostochny-1 and Sante, in addition, varieties Vostochny-1 and Sante showed resistance to the Y virus. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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0

Yessilbekova, Y.Y., Khosnutdinova, T.S., Bogdanova, X.O., Dolanbayeva, G.T., Zhakmanova, Ye.A.

Influence of a selenium-containing stimulant on the growth, development and yield potential of potato plants (solanum tuberosum)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most consumed crops in Kazakhstan. The basis for modern potato cultivation technology is the use of healthy and virus-free material. One of these methods is micropropagation of potato plants in vitro on a nutrient medium. The addition of stimulants to the nutrient medium allows for rapid and healthy plant growth. One of the effective growth stimulants is the selenium-containing drug DAFS 25. It is well known that selenium has a beneficial effect on plant growth, flowering, adaptation to changing environmental conditions and plant resistance to certain diseases. The potato variety Sante (Dutch selection) was chosen for research. This variety is characterized as medium-early, for table use, the taste is good, it has a dense peel. There is a high keeping quality during storage. The article presents the results of the influence of selenium on potato plants in vitro on such biometric indicators as the number of leaves, stem length and root length. Plants grown on a nutrient medium with different concentrations of selenium were planted in the open ground of a closed area. At the end of the growing season, the yield of each plant under study was estimated according to the following indicators: the number of tubers per plant and the mass of tubers. It has been established that selenium favorably affects the development of tubers, adaptation and survival during transplantation, as well as productivity. To exclude the negative effect of viruses on experimental plants, enzyme immunoassay was carried out twice at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. The most effective concentration of selenium on the growth and development of potato plants in vitro was revealed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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0

Zharkova, S.V., Nechaeva, A.V., Nikolaeva, V.N., Sokolova, L.V., Manylova, O.V.

The influence of biological preparations presowing seed treatment on the spring soft wheat yield formation in conditions of Altai Krai Ob region

The article presents the results of studying the effect of growth-stimulating preparations on the spring wheat yield: humates and obtained by explosive autohydrolysis from vegetable raw materials (pine needles, oat chaff, sunflower husks, high-moor peat). The experiment was carried out in the Ob region forest-steppe conditions. It is shown that the highest yields are formed when seeds are treated with the preparations based on pine needles and Lignohumate. The coefficient of variability of the attribute «Yield»over the years did not exceed 10%, which shows the stability of it formation by the experimental variants. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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0

Kayukova, L., Vologzhanina, A., Dorovatovskii, P., (…), Shaimerdenova, Z., Akatan, K.

Reaction Products of β-Aminopropioamidoximes Nitrobenzenesulfochlorination: Linear and Rearranged to Spiropyrazolinium Salts with Antidiabetic Activity

Nitrobenzenesulfochlorination of β-aminopropioamidoximes leads to a set of products depending on the structure of the initial interacting substances and reaction conditions. Amidoximes, functionalized at the terminal C atom with six-membered N-heterocycles (piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and phenylpiperazine), as a result of the spontaneous intramolecular heterocycliza-tion of the intermediate reaction product of an S_N2 substitution of a hydrogen atom in the oxime group of the amidoxime fragment by a nitrobenzenesulfonyl group, produce spiropyrazolinium ortho-or para-nitrobenzenesulfonates. An exception is ortho-nitrobenzenesulfochlorination of β-(thiomorpholin-1-yl)propioamidoxime, which is regioselective at room temperature, producing two spiropyrazolinium salts (ortho-nitrobezenesulfonate and chloride), and regiospecific at the boiling point of the solvent, when only chloride is formed. The para-Nitrobezenesulfochlorination of β-(benzimidazol-1-yl)propioamidoxime, due to the reduced nucleophilicity of the aromatic β-amine nitrogen atom, is regiospecific at both temperatures, and produces the O-para-nitrobenzenesul-fochlorination product. The antidiabetic screening of the new nitrobezenesulfochlorination ami-doximes found promising samples with in vitro α-glucosidase activity higher than the reference drug acarbose.¹H-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis revealed the slow inversion of six-membered heterocycles, and experimentally confirmed the presence of an unfavorable stereoisomer with an axial N–N bond in the pyrazolinium heterocycle. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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3

Zhunusbekova, A., Koshtayeva, G., Zulkiya, M., (…), Kargash, A., Vasilyevna, S.M.

The role and importance of the problem of ethics in education

The purpose of this research; To evaluate the role and importance of the ethical problem in education through the ethical perceptions of primary school teacher candidates. The research was designed in accordance with the phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research designs. In this research, 40 teacher candidates studying in primary school teaching departments in various universities in Kazakhstan in the 2021-2022 academic year constitute the study group of the research. Research data were collected through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research; Primary school teacher candidates’ views on ethical behaviors in the teaching profession were evaluated, and teachers ranked ethical behaviors as professional commitment, justice/equality, honesty/reliability, objectivity/impartiality, professional development, respect and professionalism. The pre-service teachers who participated in the research described discrimination, professional abuse, bribery, indiscipline and irresponsibility as unethical behaviors. In addition, the majority of teacher candidates participating in the research stated that the role of ethical behavior in the teaching profession is very effective. It is necessary to increase the courses taken by pre-service teachers during their education on professional ethics, and the course content should be developed in order to ensure their development. © 2022 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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2

Kabdrakhmanova, S., Shaimardan, E., Akatan, K., (…), Erbolatuly, D., Skakov, M.

Preparation and Characterization of the Catalyst Based on the Copper Nanoparticles

In this paper was studied a catalytic system based on copper nanoparticles which were stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPD40) and deposited on the surface of activated carbon substrate. Two methods of preparation of the catalyst were worked out: deposition on the surface and reduction in the pore volume of activated carbon. Both methods depicted the formation of copper nanoparticles, regardless of the amount of copper taken for preparation. The microstructure and dimensions of the obtained catalytic systems were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The copper nanoparticles obtained by applying to activated carbon are pure copper nanoparticles without signs of oxidation. Analysis of the surface of the catalysts showed that copper nanoparticles are concentrated in aggregates of irregular shape and layered structure. The developed catalytic systems were tested for hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene in ethanol. The use of the developed catalyst made it possible to achieve a conversion of chlorobenzene of 94.46%. As a result of the reaction, benzene was formed as the main product. The data obtained by the chromatographic method was verified and proved by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. © 2022

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0

Shevchuk, E.P., Plotnikov, V.A., Makarov, S.V.

Features of Formation of a Diffusion Zone on Steel 20 Obtained by Boriding in an Induction Furnace

Abstarct: —In this paper, we present data from studies of the iron boride synthesis upon induction heating to 1000°C for 5 min of samples of steel 20 coated with a charge containing Fe–H₃BO₃. The content of boric acid in the charge composition varied from 25 to 75 wt %. The charge in the experiments can be diluted with a solution of liquid glass in water with the addition of a small amount of ammonium hydroxide and coal. The microhardness study of the surface layer showed that a macroscopically extensive diffusion zone with a size of 900–1000 μm, in which the boride content gradually decreases when moving deeper into the matrix, is formed during the saturation of the surface layer of carbon steel 20 with boron. Such a size of the diffusion zone indicates an anomalously high mass transfer during boriding of steel 20. Indeed, the calculated diffusion coefficient during boriding under induction conditions (about 1.35 × 10^–9 m²/s) is by two orders of magnitude higher than the diffusion coefficient in the classical version of boriding. X-ray studies showed that, under the considered conditions, Fe₂B and FeB borides are synthesized, and a solid solution of boron in α-iron is also formed. An analysis of the phase composition of the structural components of the diffusion zone indicates that, from the surface to the matrix, the formation of boride phases occurs in the sequence of FeB → Fe₂B → (α-phase + B) → base metal. The microstructure of the diffusion zone consists of more or less pronounced layers consisting of FeB and Fe₂B boride phases. In general, especially deep-lying regions of the diffusion zone are a composite material consisting of a plastic α-phase and iron boride crystals. Crystals FeB and Fe₂B in the layer are oriented mainly perpendicular to the diffusion front. This is due perhaps to the rapid predominant growth of the boride phase under conditions of high diffusion mobility of boron atoms in one direction and hindered in others. © 2022, Allerton Press, Inc.

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0

Kargash, A., Gulden, Y., Yerubay, B., (…), Omarov, N., Nagashbek, Z.

Formation of students’ communicative competence through game technology

The aim of this study is to determine the creation of communicative competencies of students with game technology. The research was conducted in the fall semester of 2021–2022; the research consists of 327 volunteer students studying at universities in Kazakhstan and continuing their education. According to the sub-objectives of the research, the use of gamification technologies by university students during the day, the time spent by university students using the Internet and the situations were focused on. In the scope of the study, descriptive statistical methods were used for the development of students’ communicative competencies with the gamification technology of university students. The research is a quantitative research method and is designed according to the analysis of students’ views on the formation of communicative competencies on gamification technologies. According to the results of the research, it has been concluded that communicative skills increase with game technology. In addition, according to the results of the research, it was concluded that university students use the time zone on the Internet on the spot. ©2022 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved.

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1

Ospankulov, Y.E., Nurgaliyeva, S., Kunai, S., Baigaliev, A.M., Kaldyhanovna, K.R.

Using physical education lessons to develop the autonomy of primary school children

The shift in emphasis from the motor sphere to the mental, psycho-emotional sphere leads to a decrease in the natural motor activity of the younger schoolchild, which actualizes the development of the functional and body adaptive capabilities by means of motor activity. In this regard, the formation of independence for physical education is one of the most important problems in Kazakhstani primary school. Therefore, this research has been undertaken to study: a) the state of work of the country’s general education schools in the formation of independence skills in junior schoolchildren; b) the essence and features for the formation of the independence skill in younger schoolchildren through general developing exercises in physical education lessons; c) to propose measures that ensure the effectiveness of the physical education process in primary school to improve the physical fitness of schoolchildren, the formation of their motivation for independent physical education. The revealed results showed that the real experience for organizing physical education of schoolchildren in primary school is not effective enough. The present study points to the beneficial effect of general developing exercises on the physical development of children, especially on the development effectiveness of the independence of schoolchildren and their need for systematic physical exercise. © 2022 SciencePark Science, Organization and Counseling. All rights reserved.

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6

Zhilkashinova, A., Abilev, M., Ocheredko, I., (…), Nurbayev, M., Azamatov, B.

Mini-Hydropower Plant Based on Lenyov Hydrobelt and Volume-Sectional Hydraulic Engine

The use of the energy of small watercourses with the help of small hydropower plants is one of the promising directions for the development of renewable energy. This article presents the designs of two different hydraulic engines, each of which has its own advantage. Therefore, the task of calculating the real parameters of the design of a mini-hydropower plant based on Lenyov hydrobelt has been solved. Theoretical calculations were validated numerically by the finite volume method and computational fluid dynamics modeling; both methods gave similar results. According to the results of calculations, this design based on the Lenyov hydrobelt with the capacity of 16 kW is advisable to place in a river with a flow velocity of at least 4.5 m/s. The article also presents an alternative type of developed mini-hydropower plant,-a volume-sectional hydraulic engine. The proposed rotary-type positive displacement hydraulic engine can operate at low pressure on a flat surface. The advantage of the hydraulic engine is the sectional operation of several working chambers. It was established that a high water velocity and a large volume of passing water was not required. The total force acting in the hydraulic engine is 5430.19 N. Due to the use of conical inlet channels, the water flow velocity was increased and the water flow became directional. The frequency of rotation of the hydraulic engine shaft at a river flow velocity of 4 m/s was 60.43 rpm. The received power in these modes was 22.25 kW. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Rakhadilov, B.K., Maksakova, O.V., Buitkenov, D.B., (…), Antypenko, V.P., Konoplianchenko, Y.V.

Structural-phase and tribo-corrosion properties of composite Ti₃SiC₂/TiC MAX-phase coatings: an experimental approach to strengthening by thermal annealing

Composite Ti₃SiC₂/TiC MAX-phase coating was obtained by the detonation spraying onto U9 steel substrate using the mixed powder in the molar ratio of 74Ti/20SiC/6C as raw material. At the as-sprayed state, the synthesized composite had a stable double-phase composition: the main TiC phase and secondary Ti₃SiC₂ MAX-phase. After thermal annealing at 700, 800 and 900 °C, oxidation occurred in the coatings, as indicated by the appearance of high-temperature-stable anatase TiO₂ phase at the diffraction patterns. It was found that annealed at 800 °C coating demonstrated the best structural, compositional, tribo-mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics. In particular, hardness increased to 1400 ± 75HV_0.2, coefficient of friction decreased to 0.35, adhesion strength was 14 N, and corrosion potential was 1.88 × 10⁻² A/cm². The corrosion potential of the annealed composite was 5.5 times less than that of the steel substrate, which indicates its strong corrosion protection. The relatively higher density, the formation of the main TiC phase that inhibits the grain growth and TiO₂ thin surface layer that serves as good diffusion barriers were the main reasons for the improvement of the functional parameters. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.

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6

Nugumanova, A., Maulit, A., Sutula, M.

Clustering Analysis Applied to NDVI Maps to Delimit Management Zones for Grain Crops

This research studies the possibility of applying data mining methods to determine homogeneous management zones in fields sown with cereals. For the study, satellite images of two fields in the East Kazakhstan region were used, obtained by the Sentinel-2 satellite in different periods of time (images of the first field were obtained from May to September 2020, images of the second field – from May to August 2021). Based on these images, a dataset of seasonal NDVI values was formed for each field. Four different clustering algorithms were applied to each of the datasets, the clustering results were visualized and rasterized as color maps, which were then offered for comparison and verification by an expert agronomist. Based on the expert review, recommendations were formulated for determining zones of homogeneous management. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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0

Seitakhmetova, Z., Tulkibaevna, U.A., Sadvakassova, A., (…), Karmenova, R., Zhunussova, G.

Determining University Students’ Views on Mobile Technology and Moodle Applications in Personalized Learning

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of university students about mobile technology and Moodle applications, considering that university students continue their lessons through the distance education platform throughout the pandemic, mobile technology will turn into an advantage for them. Quantitative research method was used in the study. The research was conducted in the fall semester of 2021-2022. 270 volunteer university students that study in Kazakhstan participated in the research. In the research, 3-week online training was given to university students. In the research, the «Moodle & Mobile Technology» measurement tool developed by the researchers and compiled by experts in the field was used. The measurement tool was delivered and collected by university students via online method. The analysis of the data was made using the SPSS program, frequency analysis, t-test and anova test, and the results were added to the research with tables and comments. According to the results obtained from the research, it has been concluded that university students have a high opinion of mobile technology and module application. © 2022,International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

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2

Nugumanova, A., Baiburin, Y., Alimzhanov, Y.

Sentiment Analysis of Reviews in Kazakh With Transfer Learning Techniques

Heavily pretrained transformer models, such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) or Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), have successfully demonstrated the superior ability to recognize the right sentiments of texts in English or other dominant languages. However, for low-resource languages such as Kazakh, there are no similar models due to the high computational and memory requirements for their training and the lack of labeled datasets. Under this circumstance, transfer learning can be applied to low-resource language using a pretrained multilingual or related-language model. In this paper, we consider two ways to implement the transfer learning strategy: zero-shot learning and fine-tuning. We design experiments to compare these two methods and report the obtained results. Experiments show that in both cases BERT-based multilingual sentiment analysis model performs better than the BERT-based model for Turkish language, and the performance of these models grows after fine-tuning even with a very small number of samples in Kazakh. © 2022 IEEE.

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2

Tolegen, M.A., Ryakova, Ye.G., Savchuk, Ye.V.

Human in the ideology of globalism | [Человек в идеологии глобализма]

In this article the authors reveals the peculiarities of human understanding and vision for the future of mankind in the ideology of globalism took shape and gained considerable influence on the minds of the people in the second half of the 20^th century — early 21^st century. Platforms and specialized institutes are organized to develop ideas and mechanisms for their implementation by transnational business elites and representatives of other social groups adjacent to them. Their worldview, formed in the context of a society of alienation, inevitably becomes part of the ideology. Turning to the analysis of the ideology of globalism from the point of view of the relationship to human and the humanity seems promising for an adequate understanding of the essence of globalism and its role in the formation of modern public consciousness, as well as the contours of the future society. Considering globalism as a sociocultural phenomenon, the authors identify the foundations for the formation of the globalist worldview and its ideological sources that lie in the liberal intellectual tradition. The key intellectual moves in the rhetoric of globalists are an appeal to economism, humanism, and the need to correct the world order in the spirit of liberal values. The authors of the article identify key milestones in the formation of the globalist worldview associated with socio-cultural transformations and changes in the configuration of the world socio-political structure, which are reflected in ideological constructions and scientific research. In the course of understanding texts and programs written in the spirit of globalism, the analysis of ideologies and terms, the system of arguments familiar to globalists, is carried out through the prism of understanding the role and place assigned by them to a human. © 2022 Saint Petersburg State University. All rights reserved.

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Saniyazova, A., CohenMiller, A., Kadylova, A., Rakisheva, A.

Gendered Aspects of Undergraduate Student Experience in the Time of COVID-19: A Case Study of Nazarbayev University

This study examines student experience in the context of their transition to remote instruction during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic with a particular focus on the gendered aspects of the student experience. The researchers conducted a survey in July 2020 at one of the leading universities in Kazakhstan, Nazarbayev University. We sought to capture the immediate effects of the crisis on student experience and to see the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on learning, teaching, and assessment. The survey was developed by the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) Consortium (Berkeley, USA) which granted permission to all interested universities to use a survey instrument to explore the experience of their students. Nazarbayev University was the only university in Central Asia that surveyed their students using this survey instrument. The survey assesses five areas of the student experience for both undergraduates and graduate students impacted by the pandemic and campus closures: (1) the transition to remote instruction, (2) the financial impact of COVID-19 on students, (3) student health and wellbeing, (4) belonging and engagement, and (5) future plans. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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0

Tlebaldinova, A., Karmenova, M., Ponkina, E., Bondarovich, A.

CNN-based Approaches for Weed Detection

Seasonal monitoring of cultivated land for weeds with automatic classification of crops and weeds provides farmers with a significant return on investment, as it saves fertilizer, herbicides and time. This paper discusses the problem of semantic image segmentation using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. In the implementation of the CNN architectures RGB format images are used. A comparative analysis of the application of the proposed approaches and their estimated performance indicators obtained as a result of experimental studies is carried out. © 2022 IEEE.

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0

Rakhadilov, B.K., Tyurin, Yu.N., Kolisnichenko, O.V., Kakimzhanov, D.N., Zhurerova, L.G.

Structure and properties of multilayer coatings based on CoCrAlY/Al₂O₃ obtained by detonation spraying

Ceramic coatings are used to protect against high-temperature oxidation of metal products. The efficiency of the technology of detonation spraying of two-layer coatings of aluminum oxide ( Al₂O₃ ) and a heat-resistant alloy (CoCrAlY) on the surface of a sample made of steel 12X18H10T was studied. A multi-chamber detonation unit was used in the work, providing high speed (up to 1000 m/s) and a 60– 80% utilization rate of the sprayed material. We used an oxygen-neutral combustible mixture based on propane-butane. The coating material has a smooth gradient of properties from ceramic to sample substrate The complex of the obtained structural and physical-mechanical properties of the coating material makes it possible to predict its high performance under conditions of high-temperature oxidation. © 2022, Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials. All Rights Reserved

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0

Wójcik, W., Kalizhanova, A., Kulyk, Y.A., (…), Smailov, N., Yussupova, G.

The Method of Time Distribution for Environment Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles According to an Inverse Priority

This paper presents a time-saving method for monitoring the ecology of a dispersed territory using the delivery of measurement units provided by unmanned aerial vehicles with measurement sensors according to a reverse priority algorithm. It is achievable because of the decreasing mean waiting time of the order inside a queue during low-priority order servicing. The experimental research that confirms the efficiency of the proposed method in the case of delivery distributed measurement systems for low-priority measurement is carried out. The experimental research of the proposed method in the case of one-channel and many-channel SMD that can have an option of order rejection or an in-queue waiting option is conducted in WeBots. The probability distributions in the case of this system applying are compared with similar probability distributions in the case of systems of direct priority applying. Comparison and analysis enable us to conclude that the probability distribution in the case of SMD with a direct priority of delivery tends to decrease and approximates zero. This is related to the fact that means at the end of the queue to be handled have a lower priority, as these means of measurement take longer to handle the order than those at the head of the queue. Thus, the means of a low priority will be serviced in the last charge and there is a constant possibility that in some cases such orders will be rejected. The proposed method enables moderate this situation by using increasing the possibility of servicing the low-priority orders. The method can increase the efficiency of environmental monitoring and pollution emission control © 2022, Journal of Ecological Engineering.All Rights Reserved.

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Nugumanova, A., Baiburin, Y., Apayev, K.

An Intelligent Web-Service for Automatic Concept Map Generation

Automatic generation of concept maps from texts is yet another research challenge at the intersection of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Knowledge Engineering, that has not been fully resolved. Concept maps are knowledge visualization tools representing texts at the conceptual level. They are intended to show systemic relations between key concepts of a given text and contribute to its deeper understanding and appreciation. In this work, we present a web service for automatic generation of concept maps. The service provides both a simple web interface and API access. It takes an input text in Kazakh, Russian or English languages and generates a concept map, using one of two existing algorithms at the user’s choice. Our service in a sense eliminates the need for human effort in creating concept maps, and can be useful in teaching, developing research, and exploring texts. In addition to the proposed web service, the contribution of our paper consists in the adaptation of the used algorithms originally developed for texts in English, to Kazakh, which is recognized as low resource language in NLP. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Ananin, A.I., Tungushbayeva, Z.K., Nurshaiykova, G.T., Kalelova, G.Zh.

TOP-DOWN CUT-AND-FILL MINING METHOD AT THE PERVOMAYSKIY DEPOSIT OF THE DONSKOY MINING AND BENEFICIATION PLANT

Based on the analysis of the world experience in the application of filling methods for ore extraction and laboratory studies, a technology has been developed for preparation of filling mixtures by a mill-mixing method with the possibility of operational transformation of the process flow diagram depending on the type of binding material (cement and cement-slag) and filling material (tailings, screenings, rock or sand). A backfill plant has been built, and pilot testing of the top-down cut-and-fill mining system of chrome ores has been started at the Pervomayskiy deposit under the protection of artificial ceiling, created in the upper layer of each sub-level. In the course of pilot tests, of the top-down cut-and-fill mining system with hardening mixtures and the complication of mining conditions showed the perspectivity of its use for excavation of reserves under artificial overburden as thick and medium thickness ore bodies of lower horizons. With a descending layered mining system, stopes and layered workings are filled with hardening mixtures with the formation of a bearing layer and a layer of reduced strength. The normative strength of an artificial mass in a layer of reduced strength (topping layer) is determined by the stability escarpments, and with their height up to 3.5 m, it must be at least 0.7 MPa. The normative strength of the backfill bearing layer according to the condition of stability of the horizontal outcrop (development of penetrations on the underlying layer) should be achieved at a 90-day hardening (4.0 MPa without reinforcement and 3.0÷3.5 MPa with reinforcement). The composition of the filling mixture must ensure the standard strength of the artificial mass within the specified hardening time and be transportable through pipes due to pressure drop. © 2022, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

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Shevchuk, E.P., Plotnikov, V.A., Makarov, S.V.

Features of formation of diffusion zone obtained on steel 20 by boriding in induction furnace

The article presents data on studies of iron borides synthesis during induction heating to 1000°C for 5 min of steel 20 samples with a coating from a charge containing Fe — H₃BO₃. Content of boric acid in the charge varied from 25 to 75 % wt. Charge in the experiments could be diluted with a solution of liquid glass in water with addition of small amount of ammonium hydroxide and coal. Study of the surface layer microhardness showed that during saturation of the surface layer of carbon steel 20 with boron, a macroscopically extensive difusion zone 900-1000 μm in size is formed, in which the boride content gradually decreases when moving deeper into the matrix. Such a size of the difusion zone indicates an anomalously high mass transfer during boriding of steel 20. Indeed, the calculated difusion coefcient during boriding under induction conditions (about 1.35·10-⁹m²/s) is two orders of magnitude higher than the difusion coefcient in the classical boriding. X-ray studies showed that, under the considered conditions, Fe₂B and FeB borides are synthesized, and a solid solution of boron in α-iron is also formed. An analysis of phase composition of the difusion zone structural components indicates that, from the surface to the matrix, formation of boride phases occurs in the following sequence: FeB → Fe₂B → (α-phase + B) → base metal. Microstructure of the difusion zone consists of more or less pronounced layers consisting of FeB and Fe₂B boride phases. On the whole, especially deep-lying regions of the difusion zone are a composite material consisting of plastic α-phase and iron boride crystals. Crystals in FeB and Fe₂B in the layer are oriented mainly perpendicular to the difusion front. Perhaps, this is due to the rapid predominant growth of the boride phase under conditions of high difusion mobility of boron atoms in one direction and hindered in others. © 2022 National University of Science and Technology MISIS. All rights reserved.

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Pogrebnjak, A.D., Buranich, V.V., Horodek, P., (…), Zukowski, P., Opielak, M.

EVALUATION OF THE PHASE STABILITY, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND DEFECTS IN HIGH-ENTROPY CERAMICS AFTER HIGH-ENERGY ION IMPLANTATION

The location and distribution of atoms in the crystal lattice play a major role in controlling the mechanical and tribological properties of high-entropy alloy (HEA) ceramic materials. Herein, vacuum arc-deposited (TiZrHfVNb)N coatings have been implanted with 200 MeV xenon (Xe¹⁴⁺) ions at room temperature and fluences of 5 × 10¹¹, 5 × 10¹², and 5 × 10¹³ ions/cm². The defect structure evolution of Xe-related defects and their effects on the structural, nanomechanical, and tribological properties of HEA nitride were characterized. The results show redistribution of lattice atoms and defects. Further-more, it is found that the decrease of the wear rate in the implanted coating (5 × 10¹¹ ions) from 9.7 × 10^–6 to 4.85 × 10^–5 mm^{3·m–1·N–1} has resulted from new defect combinations (vacancies, interstitial voids, and dislocations). Another source responsible for deterioration of properties was the breaking disorder of the elemental composition revealed by mapping the elemental composition by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). These findings enhance the fundamental understanding of the high-energy irradiation effect on HEA ceramics. © 2022 by Begell House, Inc.

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1

Kylyshkanov, M.K., Shestakov, K.A., Sagdoldina, Zh.B., Abdulina, S.A., Rakhadilov, B.K.

Assessment of thermodynamic parameters of the plasma chemical process for magnesium oxide production

This work are presented the calculation results of thermodynamic parameters of the reaction of magnesium fluoride decomposition by ionized water vapor with the formation of solid magnesium oxide and gaseous hydrogen fluoride at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range from room temperature to 2800◦C. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters was carried out with the Reaction Equations software module of scientific programs HSCChemistry package. Thermodynamic analysis of magnesium fluoride MgF₂ was carried out on a thermogravimetric analyzer TGA/DSC2. The thermodynamic parameters results are in good agreement with the results of thermogravimetric analysis. There were determined the optimum conditions for plasma-chemical processing of magnesium fluoride © 2022. Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials.All Rights Reserved.

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1

Temirbekov, A., Zhaksylykova, Z., Malgazhdarov, Y., Kasenov, S.

Application of the Fictitious Domain Method for Navier-Stokes Equations

To apply the fictitious domain method and conduct numerical experiments, a boundary value problem for an ordinary differential equation is considered. The results of numerical calculations for different values of the iterative parameter τ and the small parameter ε are presented. A study of the auxiliary problem of the fictitious domain method for Navier-Stokes equations with continuation into a fictitious subdomain by higher coefficients with a small parameter is carried out. A generalized solution of the auxiliary problem of the fictitious domain method with continuation by higher coefficients with a small parameter is determined. After all the above mathematical studies, a computational algorithm has been developed for the numerical solution of the problem. Two methods were used to solve the problem numerically. The first variant is the fictitious domain method associated with the modification of nonlinear terms in a fictitious subdomain. The model problem shows the effectiveness of using such a modification. The proposed version of the method is used to solve two problems at once that arise while numerically solving systems of Navier-Stokes equations: the problem of a curved boundary of an arbitrary domain and the problem of absence of a boundary condition for pressure in physical formulation of the internal flow problem. The main advantage of this method is its universality in development of computer programs. The second method used calculation on a uniform grid inside the area. When numerically implementing the solution on a uniform grid inside the domain, using this method it’s possible to accurately take into account the boundaries of the curved domain and ensure the accuracy of the value of the function at the boundaries of the domain. Methodical calculations were carried out, the results of numerical calculations were obtained. When conducting numerical experiments in both cases, quantitative and qualitative indicators of numerical results coincide. © 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

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1

Rakhadilov, B.K., Maulet, M., Kakimzhanov, D.N., Stepanova, O.A., Botabaeva, G.B.

Comparative study of the structure and properties of homogeneous and gradient Ni-Cr-Al coatings

This paper compares the structure and properties of homogeneous and gradient coatings in the Ni-Cr-Al system obtained by detonation spraying. According to X-ray analysis, only the CrNi₃ phase appears in the homogeneous coating, and CrNi₃, Al, and NiAl phases appear on the gradient coating. The elements distribution graphs show that a small amount of aluminum is distributed over the depth of the homogeneous coating and in the gradient coating. The distribution of aluminum in the gradient Ni-Cr-Al coating gradually increases from the depth to the surface, and a high amount of aluminum forms in the coating surface. According to EDS analysis, a small amount of aluminium is distributed on the surface of the homogeneous coating and a large amount on the gradient coating. In the gradient coating, aluminium gradually increases from the substrate surface to the coating surface. Also, the gradient coating has a higher hardness than the homogeneous coating © 2022. Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials.All Rights Reserved.

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0

Karmenova, M., Tlebaldinova, A., Krak, I., (…), Ponkina, E., Györök, G.

An Approach for Clustering of Seismic Events using Unsupervised Machine Learning

New and effective approaches for the analysis of seismic data make it possible to identify the distribution of earthquakes helping further to assess frequency of occurrence any associated risks. This paper proposes an effective approach for detecting areas with increased spatial density of seismic events and zoning territories on the map based on the Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise algorithm (DBSCAN algorithm). The validity of the choice of this clustering algorithm is explained by the fact that the DBSCAN algorithm can detect clusters of complex shapes including geographical coordinates. This study uses seismic data from the seismic catalog of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2011 to 2021 inclusive. Finally, the clusters detected over a certain period of time allowed for the presentation of a spatial model of the distribution of earthquakes and the detection of areas with increased spatial density on the map. In general, the results of the study were also compared and well associated with the general map of the seismic zoning of the Republic of Kazakhstan showing reliable results of clustering based on density. In addition, the architecture of intelligent information and the analytical system for analyzing seismic data is based on the proposed approach. © 2022, Budapest Tech Polytechnical Institution. All rights reserved.

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8

Saltanat, A., Kaldykul, S., Zaure, K., (…), Karas, K., Bagdat, B.

Opinions of University Students on Technology Literacy

The aim of this study is to evaluate the views of engineering faculty students on technology literacy. This research was conducted using a qualitative research design. In accordance with the structure of the research, the phenomenology design was chosen from the qualitative research designs. The study group of the research consisted of 142 students studying at engineering faculties at various universities in Kazakhstan and who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research. In the study, the opinions of engineering faculty students on technology literacy were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, students defined technology literacy as knowing the meaning and function of technology and using it effectively. In addition, they associated technology use in the profession with technology competencies and professional competencies. The majority of students put forward the knowledge of technology in technological competencies and being able to follow technological innovations in professional competencies as a prerequisite for the use of technology in the profession. The students participating in the research found themselves moderately competent in being technology literate. Technology literacy should be integrated with all curricula and the content of curricula should be arranged accordingly. © 2022 Kassel University Press GmbH. All rights reserved.

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1

Alekseenko, A.N., Aubakirova, Z.S., Dyatlov, V.I.

The city in Nation-Building Projects: Soviet Autonomy in Siberia and Sovereign Kazakhstan | [Город в проектах нациестроительства: советская автономия в Сибири и суверенный Казахстан]

The most important part of the Soviet socialist transformation, and after the collapse of the USSR, of its sovereign heirs, are nation-building projects. With huge, essential differences, they are brought together by a genetic connection with the Soviet past, the tools of social engineering and the format of state projects, the ethnic basis for understanding the nation being formed. Different in time and implemented by different actors, the Soviet and sovereign projects have similar roles of cities as a key instrument for the production of the nation. The purpose of the article is to compare the role of provincial cities in two projects carried out by the central authorities. For the Soviet era – the regional town of Verkhneudinsk, appointed to be the capital of Soviet Buryatia. On the example of Ust-Kamenogorsk in sovereign Kazakhstan – the implementation of the project of forming a nation-state in one of the regions of the country is considered. Different mission sources, different times and contexts – but a common situation where an ethnically and culturally different city must transform patriarchal traditionalist rural societies into modern nations, if using the well-known metaphor of the transformation of «peasants into French». Receiving new functions from the authorities, changing society, cities themselves are radically changing both in terms of the composition of the population and the nature of relationships in the urban community. They attract the «titular» rural population and form communities of a new type – «urban Buryats» and «urban Kazakhs». Their urban culture is created as a result of a complex synthesis of Russian and their own language and culture within the rigid framework of the urban economy, social structure, and lifestyle. New waves of rural migrants bring with them elements of traditionalism and a trend towards ruralization. There is a dynamic, often conflicting interaction between Russians, titular townspeople and newcomers – rural migrants within the framework set by the city and the policy of the authorities. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved.

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Niyazbekova, S.U., Anzorova, S.P., Zubets, A.Z., Issayeva, A.Z., Abylaikhanova, T.A.

Prospects for the Development of Mobile Technology in the Global Market in the Digital Age

The paper considers and analyzes the sales of the largest manufacturers of smartphones (e.g., Samsung, Xiaomi, Apple, and Oppo) in the global smartphone market. In the global market, Samsung, for the first time, managed to sell the largest number of smartphones in Q3 2011, replacing the former market leader – Nokia. By the beginning of 2021, Apple outperformed Samsung in the global smartphone market for five consecutive quarters. The South Korean company managed to break the 30% mark several times. This dominance was observed several years ago. Samsung’s lead is shrinking and is especially overtaken by Chinese manufacturers. As of 2021, there is an increase in the number of smartphone users. The conclusion highlights the importance of smartphones in a digitized environment. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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2

Numerical simulation of inverse geochemistry problems by regularizing algorithms

Temirbekov, N., Imangaliyev, Y., Baigereyev, D., Temirbekova, L., Nurmangaliyeva, M.

Currently, methods and approaches of scientific visualization based on additional data analysis are being intensively developed due to the rapid development of computer technology in geology. The general concept is that the main data field on the day surface and additional conditions are specified at the input. Further, the methods of mathematical geophysics are used for their analysis and processing, as a result of which new information is obtained for deep exploration. Then visualization tools are applied to the obtained information and main data field in an information system. Thus, the information system is based on the synthesis of visual representation methods, methods of mathematical geophysics, computational mathematics, and various branches of science. This paper presents a description of the geoinformation system module for deep forecast search modeling of deposits developed on the base of the methods of intelligent anomalies detection of hidden deposits. Operation of the software module is based on the application of the theory of mathematical geophysics inverse problems using geological data on the Earth’s surface, geophysical measurements and geochemical analyses as input data. The software module for the inverse problem of the continuation of potential fields in the direction of perturbing masses is used for real data of a particular mineral deposit. © 2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

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2023 год

№

п/п

Автор 

Название статьи

Аннотация

Ссылка

Индекс цитирования

1.        

Orsayeva, R., Vasyaev, A., Shestak, V.

Retraction Note: Mechanisms for protecting children’s rights and the role of psychological services in the juvenile justice system of Russia against the background of international practices (Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, (2022), 12, 1, (13), 10.1186/s41935-021-00242-6)

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article. An investigation by the publisher concluded that it appears authorship for this article was offered for sale before the article was submitted to the journal.

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0

2.        

Kuanyshbekov, Tilek

a

Kuanyshbekov T.;

Guseinov, Nazim

b;

Tolepov, Zhandos

b;

Kurbanova, Bayan

c;

Tulegenova, Malika

b;

Akatan, Kydyrmolla

a;

Kantay, Nurgamit

a;

Zhasasynov, Elzhas

a

Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes From Local Kazakhstan Graphite “Ognevsky”

The properties of pure graphene and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are close, so thermal annealing is a simple, safe and more cost-effective alternative, in comparison to other methods to produce graphene oxide (GO) on a significant scale. In this work, for the first time, for the production of GO and its membrane with subsequent thermal reduction, local Kazakhstan “Ognevsky” graphite was used as the initial raw material. The GO membrane was obtained by vacuum filtration and subjected to thermal annealing at various temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere. It was noticed, that after the thermal recovery of GO membranes, their physical and chemical properties changed. This changes show the possibility of using GO new membranes as a potential material for sensitive elements, such kind of gas and humidity sensors. In this regard, GO and RGO membranes were studied by: SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, TGA and Raman spectroscopy. This work demonstrates a new and efficient strategy for manufacturing high performance RGO membranes from local raw materials.

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0

3.        

Kairat, Koshekov

a

Kairat K.;

Ildar, Pirmanov

a;

Karygash, Alibekkyzy

b;

Saule, Belginova

c;

Indira, Karymsakova

d;

Markhaba, Karmenova

e;

Aizhan, Baidildina

b

Digital twins technology in the educational process of the aviation equipment repair

The article considers the digital transformation of the aviation industry based on twins of maintenance and repair. As a result of digitization, a set of documents and application software are formed in a virtual reality environment. The concept of a digital twin is presented in the context of a model-based system design of the helicopter maintenance process according to the technical regulations. Based on statistical modeling technologies, a model for assembling aircraft units has been developed, in which time characteristics are qualitative estimates of learning processes and the effectiveness of digital twins. The results of experimental studies based on the method of analysis of students’ certification using digital twins in the assembly of aircraft units are presented. It has been established that at the production site of an aircraft repair enterprise it is effective to apply training at the first stage using digital twins, and at the second stage using real objects. Based on analytical and experimental studies, regression models are proposed for the relationship between the optimal number of trainings at the second stage and the relative coefficient of training time for successful training and certification of mechanics and electronics engineers.

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0

4.        

Temirbekov, Nurlan

a, b;

Malgazhdarov, Yerzhan

a, c;

Tamabay, Dinara

a, b

Tamabay D.;

Temirbekov, Almas

a

Atmospheric Modelling of Photochemical Transformations of Pollutants: Impact of Weather Conditions and Diurnal Cycle (Case Study: Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan)

In this study, the dispersal of atmospheric pollutants from point sources and their photochemical transformations are examined. The mass conservation principle underlies a system of differential equations formulated to describe the transfer and transformation processes, incorporating stoichiometric formulas and reaction rate constants. The atmospheric boundary layer model and the transport-transformation equation of pollutants are considered, integrating a specific parameter to assess the influence of anthropogenic heat sources and surface heterogeneity on pollutant dispersion. Using Ust-Kamenogorsk, an industrial city in Kazakhstan, as a case study, the model accounts for variations in photochemical transformations due to weather conditions, ambient temperature, and time of day. To facilitate numerical simulations of atmospheric pollution and visualize various scenarios, a software application package was created, incorporating photochemical transformations. The developed suite of applications has been verified with real data and benchmarked against contemporary software packages such as WRF and SILAM. Moving forward, the refined model aims to forecast air pollution patterns in industrial cities across Kazakhstan.

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0

5.        

Magazov, Nurtoleu

a, b

Magazov N.;

Satbaeva, Zarina

c;

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov B.;

Amanov, Auezhan

A Study on Surface Hardening and Wear Resistance of AISI 52100 Steel by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification and Electrolytic Plasma Surface Modification Technologies

In this study, a surface hardening of AISI 52100 bearing steel was performed by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), and electrolytic-plasma thermo-cyclic surface modification (EPSM), and their effects on the wear resistance were investigated. To evaluate the impact of these treatments on the wear resistance, the friction tests under dry conditions were conducted using a ball-on-disk tribometer in accordance with ASTM G99. The microstructure of the samples before and after treatment was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The micro-hardness with respect to the depth from the top surface was measured using a Vickers micro-hardness tester. Microstructural observations showed that EPSM treatment led to the formation of residual austenite in the surface layer, while UNSM treatment led to the formation of a surface severe plastic deformation layer on the surface of the samples. The increase in the micro-hardness of the treated layer was confirmed after UNSM at room temperature and after EPSM at different cycles. The highest increase in wear resistance was observed for the specimen treated by UNSM treatment at 700 °C and five cycles of EPSM treatment. In addition, the wear volume, which has correlation with the friction coefficient and hardness, was determined.

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0

6.        

Seraya, Natalya

a

Seraya N.;

Litvinov, Vadim

b

Litvinov V.;

Daumova, Gulzhan

c

Daumova G.;

Zhusipov, Nursultan

d

Zhusipov N.;

Idrisheva, Zhanat

c

Idrisheva Z.;

Aubakirova, Roza

Production Waste Management: Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics and the Calculation of the Hazard Class of Phosphogypsum

Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO4·2H2O) is a waste product (or by-product) from the production of phosphoric acid, the main component in the production of concentrated simple and complex fertilizers. The world production of phosphogypsum exceeds 200 million tons per year. PG discharged into water bodies (seas, rivers) or disposed of in land dumps may contain elements (including heavy metals and radionuclides) in forms and concentrations that are toxic to ecosystems and human health, which raises concerns about its impact on the environment. The concentrations of these elements vary depending on the region where the raw material is mined and the process used to produce phosphoric acid. Given the significant volumes of phosphogypsum formed, an urgent problem is not only the development of methods for its disposal, but also a special, specific control over its composition after the release of PG and during its use for removal, transportation, and storage in dumps and sludge storages. This article presents the results of comprehensive studies on the determination of the chemical and mineralogical composition of by-products from an experimental plant for the processing of phosphate raw materials of the designed chemical complex of the EuroChem-Karatau company (Republic of Kazakhstan). Based on the conducted studies, it was established that, in terms of the total toxicity index, the studied wastes belong to the fourth hazard class (low-hazardous) with the possibility of processing for the purpose of their further use.

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0

7.        

Noskov, Fedor M.

a

Noskov F.M.;

Kveglis, Lyudmila I.

a

Kveglis L.I.;

Mali, Vyacheslav I.

b;

Esikov, Maksim A.

b

Esikov M.A.;

Sakenova, Rimma Y.

Investigation of the Processes of Structure Formation during Explosion Welding of Copper and Molybdenum

This article examines the processes of structure formation occurring during joint plastic deformation by the explosion of copper and molybdenum. These components are dissimilar metals with very limited mutual solubility under normal conditions, and the circumstances allowing for their interaction, as well as the products of the mechanochemical reactions of such interactions, have not been sufficiently studied and require new approaches. A cluster approach was used to describe the processes of structure formation, which describes phase formation as the process transitioning of the polyhedron of the initial phase into the polyhedron of the final phase. This work shows that under the conditions under consideration, not only is the formation of solid solutions in the contact zone with smooth concentration transitions from one component to another possible, but also the formation of new structural states, which can be represented as localized icosahedral atomic configurations (amorphous metal clusters). Such a structure is capable of locally strengthening the composite, which is confirmed by microhardness studies.

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0

8.        

Pavlov, Alexandr

a;

Sagdoldina, Zhuldyz

a;

Zhilkashinova, Almira

b;

Magazov, Nurtoleu

a, c

Magazov N.;

Turar, Zhangabay

a;

Gert, Sergey

Synthesis and Investigation of Properties of Beryllium Ceramics Modified with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Samples of beryllium ceramics, with the addition of micro- and nanoparticles TiO2, have been obtained by the method of thermoplastic slip casting. The microstructure of batch ceramics, consisting of micropowders and ceramics with TiO2 nanoparticles sintered at an elevated temperature, has been investigated. It was found that the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles leads to changes in the mechanisms of mass transfer and microstructure formation, and the mobility of TiO2 at interfacial grain boundaries increases, which leads to the formation of elements of a zonal shell structure. The reduction of intergranular boundaries leads to an increase in density, hardness, and mechanical strength of ceramics. The whole complex of properties of the synthesized material, with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles in the amount of 1.0–1.5 wt.%, leads to an increase in the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of electric current 8.2–12.4 GHz. The analysis and updating of knowledge on synthesis, and the investigation of properties of beryllium ceramics modified by nanoparticles, seems to be significant. The obtained results can be used in the creation of absorbers of scattered microwave radiation based on (BeO + TiO2) ceramics.

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0

9.        

Yeskermessov, Didar

a;

Kantay, Nurgamit

b;

Kakimzhanov, Dauir

a;

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan

c;

Apsezhanova, Akbota

a;

Ahmed, Waqar

Detonation-gun spraying technology for multilayer coatings: Obtaining multilayer coatings by the detonation spraying method

This study investigated the structural-phase, morphology, elemental composition, and tribological properties of coatings systems based on Al2O3, NiCr, and NiCr-Al2O3 fabricated by detonation-gas spraying method in a nitrogen/propane atmosphere. The coatings were characterised using SEM-EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and hardness measurements, and results analysed are presented. According to the experimental data, an optimal mode was selected that provides an increase in mechanical and tribological characteristics, and a method for detonation spraying surface hardening was also developed. Tribology tests have shown that the wear rates and friction coefficients of the coatings are highly dependent on the degree of filling of the gun.

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0

10.     

Berdyshev, Abdumauvlen

a, b

Berdyshev A.;

Baigereyev, Dossan

a, c

Baigereyev D.;

Boranbek, Kulzhamila

Numerical Method for Fractional-Order Generalization of the Stochastic Stokes–Darcy Model

This paper is aimed at efficient numerical implementation of the fractional-order generalization of the stochastic Stokes–Darcy model, which has important scientific, applied, and economic significance in hydrology, the oil industry, and biomedicine. The essence of this generalization of the stochastic model is the introduction of fractional time derivatives in the sense of Caputo’s definition to take into account long-term changes in the properties of media. An efficient numerical method for the implementation of the fractional-order Stokes–Darcy model is proposed, which is based on the use of a higher-order approximation formula for the fractional derivative, higher-order finite difference relations, and a finite element approximation of the problem in the spatial direction. In the paper, a rigorous theoretical analysis of the stability and convergence of the proposed numerical method is carried out, which is confirmed by numerous computational experiments. Further, the proposed method is applied to the implementation of the fractional-order stochastic Stokes–Darcy model using an ensemble technique, in which the approximation is carried out in such a way that the resulting systems of linear equations have the same coefficient matrix for all realizations. Furthermore, evaluation of the discrete fractional derivatives is carried out with the use of parallel threads. The efficiency of applying both approaches has been demonstrated in numerical tests.

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0

11.     

Raimbekov, Zhanarys

a

 Raimbekov Z.;

Syzdykbayeva, Bakyt

a

Syzdykbayeva B.;

Rakhmetulina, Aigerim

b

Rakhmetulina A.;

Rakhmetulina, Zhibek

a

Rakhmetulina Z.;

Abylaikhanova, Tana

b

Abylaikhanova T.;

Ordabayeva, Mainur

b

Ordabayeva M.;

Doltes, Lyubov

The Impact of Agri-Food Supply Channels on the Efficiency and Links in Supply Chains

Improving the efficiency in the links in the supply chains of agri-food products is relevant in terms of the assessment methodology and practical aspects for ensuring and supporting sustainable supply chains of products not only in individual channels of product movement but also in the end-to-end supply chain of products, i.e., from the field to the end consumer. However, it is still unclear which supply chain opportunities in commodity distribution channels are more effective for creating end-to-end sustainable supply chains for agri-food products. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of agri-food supply channels on the efficiency and link in supply chains, taking into account the factors affecting them and developing recommendations for their improvement. Quantitative methods based on correlation and regression analysis using the EViews program on the basis of Kazakh statistical data for 2008–2022 were used. A methodology is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning and links in commodity movement in the supply chains of agricultural products at the macroeconomic level based on the consideration and use of important factors affecting the efficiency and links: production and sales volumes, total costs, and profitability for each supply channel: “production–processing–industrial production–trade”. The relationship between the efficiency and the links in supply chains and also the key factors that affect them have been established. The results showed that the increase in the efficiency in supply channels in the commodity distribution system leads to a decrease in the coefficient of the link in commodity movement and inventory availability. To reduce the link ratio in the supply chains of agri-food products, it is necessary to increase the efficiency in supply chains in each supply chain link and reduce the share of retail trade in the gross turnover. Recommendations are proposed to improve supply chain efficiency and reduce links to support and create end-to-end sustainable supply chains of agri-food products. The study makes an essential contribution to providing empirical evidence of the relationship between the effectiveness of agri-food supply channels and the link in the supply chain. Since few works describe the relationship between the links of product distribution and the efficiency in supply chains in the literature, in this work, it was possible to propose a methodology and identify factors and gaps in research to identify potential areas for future research.

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0

12.     

Kuanyshbekov, Tilek

a, b

Kuanyshbekov T.;

Sagdollin, Zhandos

a, b

Sagdollin Z.;

Zhasasynov, Elzhas

a

Zhasasynov E.;

Akatan, Kydyrmolla

a

Akatan K.;

Kurbanova, Bayan

c

Kurbanova B.;

Guseinov, Nazim

d;

Tolepov, Zhandos

d

Tolepov Z.;

Kantay, Nurgamit

a, b

Kantay N.;

Beisebekov, Madyar

Composite Membrane Based on Graphene Oxide and Carboxymethylcellulose from Local Kazakh Raw Materials for Possible Applications in Electronic Devices

The synthesis of new composite nanomaterials based on graphene oxide (GO)modified with cellulose and its derivatives, as well as nanocellulose, is currently an important direction and contributes toward solving many problems in various fields such as nanotechnology, information technology, medicine, high-dielectric materials, and nanoelectronics. In this work, for the first time, for the production of GO and its membrane with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), local Kazakhstan “Ognevsky” graphite was used as the initial raw material. In this regard, the preparation of nanocomposites of GO modified with cellulose derivatives, including CMC, attracts great interest from scientists and expands its field of practical application due to the significant changes in its physicochemical properties. In this work, the GO obtained using the Hummers method was modified by CMC, and its physicochemical, structural, and electrical characteristics were studied. The GO/CMC membrane was synthesized by mixing 1% GO with crushed solid mass of CMC (0.03 g; 0.06 g; 0.15 g) and then processing using ultrasound. The surface morphology of the GO/CMC membrane was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been established that by increasing the mass of CMC (0.03 g; 0.06 g; 0.15 g), the polymerization of CMC occurs on the surface of GO nanosheets. Cross-sectional micrographs of GO/CMC show the formation of sandwich-like layered structures. The synthesis efficiency (yield) of GO from synthetic graphite is 10.8%, and GO from Ognevsky graphite is 11.9%, almost 1.1% more than GO from synthetic graphite. The mechanical tensile strength increases from 2.3 MPa to 14.3 MPa and the Young’s modulus from 2.3 MPa to 143 MPa. The electrical parameters of the humidity sensor based on GO and GO/CMC membranes (0.03 g; 0.06 g; 0.15 g) were studied as a function of humidity to determine the performance of the device.

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13.     

Kabdrakhmanova, Sana

a

Kabdrakhmanova S.;

Kabdrakhmanova, Ainur

a, b

Kabdrakhmanova A.;

Shaimardan, Esbol

b

Shaimardan E.;

Akatan, Kydyrmolla

c

Akatan K.;

Beisebekov, Madiar

b

Beisebekov M.;

Hryhorchuk, Natalia

d

Hryhorchuk N.;

Selenova, Bagadat S.

a

Selenova B.S.;

Joshy K.S.

e;

Thomas, Sabu

Fungicidal and Stimulating Effects of Heteroleptic Copper Complex on the Germination and Phytosafety of Plants

At present, when the whole world is intensively switching to organic farming, the refusal or minimization of the usage of chemical plant protection products and synthesized fertilizers is a very urgent issue for the agro-industrial complex (AIC). Accordingly, the solution to the problems of increasing yields and ensuring the fight against pathogenic components should be carried out in accordance with the principles of “green” chemistry. In this regard, the usage of heteroleptic complexes based on carboxylic and amino acids with biogenic metals is dictated not only by their availability, low cost, and ability to increase crop yields but also by fungicidal activity, lower toxicity, and easy biodegradability, which lists them among the “green” and cost-effective plant biostimulants. In the present work, for the first time, a heteroleptic complex based on succinic acid and glycine, with the formula [Cu(succ)(gly)], was developed for usage as a fungicidal biostimulant, which has the ability to significantly reduce the number of pathogens. We found that this compound has a layered structure and was able to increase soybean germination up to 100%.

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14.     

Skakov, Mazhyn

a, b

Skakov M.;

Bayandinova, Moldir

b

Bayandinova M.;

Ocheredko, Igor

b

Ocheredko I.;

Tuyakbayev, Baurzhan

b

Tuyakbayev B.;

Nurizinova, Makpal

b

Nurizinova M.;

Gradoboev, Alexander

Influence of Diabase Filler on the Structure and Tribological Properties of Coatings Based on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene

This article presents the results of a study of a composite coating made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a diabase filler obtained by flame spraying. Diabase of 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% was chosen as a filler. The polymer coating was applied to the St3 metal substrate using temperature control in a conventional flame spraying process. The coating was studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, infrared spectroscopy, abrasive wear resistance, microhardness testing and determination of the friction coefficient. It has been shown that diabases do not have a negative effect on the initial chemical structure of UHMWPE and it is not subjected to destruction during flame spraying. The introduction of diabase into the composition of UHMWPE with a content of 10–40% of the total mass does not adversely affect the crystalline structure of the coating. It has been established that with an increase in the volume of the diabase filler, the wear resistance of the composite coating based on UHMWPE increases. It has been determined that with the addition of diabase, the microhardness of the coatings increases.

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15.     

Yessenova, Moldir

a;

Abdikerimova, Gulzira

a

Abdikerimova G.;

Murzabekova, Gulden

b;

Nurbol, Kakabayev

c;

Glazyrina, Natalya

d;

Adikanova, Saltanat

e;

Uzakkyzy, Nurgul

d;

Sadirmekova, Zhanna B.

f;

Niyazova, Rozamgul

Application of informative textural Law’s masks methods for processing space images

Image processing systems are currently used to solve many applied problems. The article is devoted to the identification of negative factors affecting the growth of grain in different periods of harvesting, using a program implemented in the MATLAB software environment, based on aerial photographs. The program is based on the Law’s textural mask method and successive clustering. This paper presents the algorithm of the program and shows the results of image processing by highlighting the uniformity of the image. To solve the problem, the spectral luminance coefficient (SBC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Law’s textural mask method, and clustering are used. This approach is general and has great potential for identifying objects and territories with different boundary properties on controlled aerial photographs using groups of images of the same surface taken at different vegetation periods. That is, the applicability of sets of Laws texture masks with original image enhancement for the analysis of experimental data on the identification of pest outbreaks is being investigated.

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2

16.     

Zhambakin, Dauren

a;

Zhilkashinova, Almira

b

Zhilkashinova A.;

Abilev, Madi

a, b

Abilev M.;

Łatka, Leszek

c;

Pavlov, Alexandr

b;

Tuyakbaev, Bauyrzhan

b;

Zhilkashinova, Assel

Structure and Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered SiC Ceramics with Oxide Additives

This article describes spark plasma sintering of ceramics based on silicon carbide with nanoadditives, as follows: MnOnano 5.5 wt. % + Al2O3nano 2.0 wt. % + SiCnm (37–57 wt. %) + SiCµm (31–51 wt. %) + SiO2µm 4.5 wt. %. Sintering was carried out at 2000 °C. The diffraction pattern of the analyzed sample showed the presence of silicon carbide with a hexagonal crystal lattice. Residual amounts of rhombohedral SiC, α-Fe, and a solid solution of silicon in iron were also found. The method of thermogravimetric analysis established the change in mass, heat flow, temperature of the samples, and the change in the partial pressures of gases during the experiment. Samples obtained by SPS show a higher density of the material at the level of 3.3 g/cm3, average mechanical strength of 454 MPa, and microhardness of 35 GPa, compared with samples obtained by liquid-phase sintering. The SPS method also made it possible to obtain materials with a higher density (by 8%) and practically no significant crystal growth compared to samples obtained by liquid phase sintering. The results of the study facilitate the achievement of a combination of new approaches to the design of compositions and the technology of manufacturing SiC ceramics, which significantly expands their areas of application.

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17.     

Madina, Bazarova

a

Madina B.;

Saltanat, Adikanova

a

Saltanat A.;

Gulnaz, Zhomartkyzy

b

Gulnaz Z.;

Yuriy, Vais

b

Yuriy V.;

Ainur, Alpyssova

a

Ainur A.;

Akmaral, Jaxalykova

a

Akmaral J.;

Meruyert, Kaidarova

a

Meruyert K.;

Roza, Bekbayeva

Application of ontology-based engineering and stem approach in learning

Currently, there is a need to improve the educational system and develop interdisciplinary studies at all stages of education, from school to postgraduate education. The implementation of cross-curriculum connections promotes a holistic view of natural phenomena and the relationship between them, that is, this knowledge becomes more meaningful and applicable in practice. The article proposes an approach to building a conceptual model of the content of education in the form of a thesaurus and ontology, the use of which will ensure that the educational information is adaptively selected and put straight. The article discusses the possibility of and experience in using ontological modeling and engineering for the conceptual description of school and higher education. The article discusses the development of the ontological science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) Education at School model. The article builds an ontological model, which is an integration of the ontology of school and the ontology of university. When filling in the knowledge base, it becomes possible to identify interdisciplinary relationships. The use of ontological engineering methods will improve the quality of education for schoolchildren and students through the semantic description of knowledge of the subject area by using interdisciplinary and STEM approaches in the process of education.

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18.     

Aimukhambet, Zhanat

a

Aimukhambet Z.;

Aituganova, Saulesh

a;

Alimbayev, Aslan

b;

Sagynadin, Gulnaz

a;

Seiputanova, Aiymgul

The Effects of Computer Aided Education in the Education of Folk Cultural Products

This research explores the effects of computer-aided education (CAE) on the education of folk cultural products. Folklore, encompassing tangible and intangible cultural artifacts, holds significant importance in defining the identity and values of a community. CAE, utilizing multimedia software and interactive teaching methods, has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing student learning experiences. This study aims to investigate the impact of CAE on students’ achievement, retention, cultural competency, and classroom participation in the domain of folk culture education. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was utilized, with an experimental group of 32 1st grade students receiving CAE and a control group of 32 1st grade students receiving traditional teaching methods in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Various assessment tools were employed to measure academic achievement, cultural competency, and classroom participation. The results indicate that students in the CAE group exhibited significantly higher academic achievement scores, improved retention of knowledge, enhanced cultural competency, and increased classroom participation compared to the control group. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of CAE in fostering effective and engaging education, particularly in the context of preserving and promoting cultural heritage through folk culture education.

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1

19.     

Abilev, Madi

a, b;

Zhilkashinova, Almira

a;

Pavlov, Aleksandr

a;

Zhambakin, Dauren

B Zhambakin D.;

Tuyakbayev, Baurzhan

Structural-Phase State and Properties of SiC Ceramics Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Liquid-Phase Sintering with Eutectic Additives

This study proposes an experimental charge composition for sintering carbide ceramics with additives forming a liquid phase: MnO 2.5 wt. % + Al2O3 2.0 wt. % + SiC 91.0 wt. % + SiO2 4.5 wt. %. The results of the structural-phase state and physical–mechanical properties of SiC ceramics obtained by ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase sintering with eutectic additives are presented. Densification with the participation of the liquid phase formed by SiO2, SiO, Si and MnO led to the formation of equiaxed grains with an average size of ≤ 10 μm. The formation of the ceramic microstructure based on silicon carbide using eutectic additives made it possible to choose a composition that provided a decrease in the sintering temperature to 1800 °C. The main phase components of the synthesized ceramics were modification of the ring radical of silicate Si3O6, silicon dioxide SiO2, and anorthoclase (SiAl)O4. The resulting material based on silicon carbide with a grain size of 10 μm with the addition of 9 wt. % eutectic additive, after firing in a weakly reducing CO atmosphere at 1800 °C and holding for 2 h, has the following controlled indicators: ultimate strength in bending 440 ± 20 MPa, microhardness (HV) 30 GPa. This is promising for use as an armored material and for obtaining materials with high physical and mechanical properties at significantly lower energy, resource, and material costs.

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2

20.     

Karassayev, Ganiy M.

a

Karassayev G.M.;

Yensenov, Kanat A.

Yensenov K.A.;

Naimanbayev, Bekmurat R.

b

Naimanbayev B.R.;

Bakirova, Zhanat S.

c

Bakirova Z.S.;

Kabdrakhmanova, Faiina K.

d

Kabdrakhmanova F.K.

Mutual Cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the States of Central Asia in 1991-2000

The relevance of this article is based on the processes of revising the systems of relationships in various sectors of Central Asia that are important for 2023, and not least among them is agriculture. Studying the history of cooperations between these countries is the relevant theme for the research, and to analyse the accepted and implemented agreements of the Central Asian states after the fall of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the field of political and economic cooperation, defense, cultural, social and humanitarian spheres. Therefore, scientific literature and archival documents were brought to scientific analysis in order to study their initiatives and agreements on cooperation with each other at the international level in the field of historical science, and consider them in the historical and political aspect. From a theoretical and methodological point of view, the study of the political, economic, and sociocultural development of the states of Central Asia in the historical and political aspect, as well as in the system of international relations, is one of the most important tasks.

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0

21.     

Maulit, Almasbek

a

Maulit A.;

Nugumanova, Aliya

b

Nugumanova A.;

Apayev, Kurmash

c;

Baiburin, Yerzhan

a;

Sutula, Maxim

A Multispectral UAV Imagery Dataset of Wheat, Soybean and Barley Crops in East Kazakhstan

This study introduces a dataset of crop imagery captured during the 2022 growing season in the Eastern Kazakhstan region. The images were acquired using a multispectral camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (DJI Phantom 4). The agricultural land, encompassing 27 hectares and cultivated with wheat, barley, and soybean, was subjected to five aerial multispectral photography sessions throughout the growing season. This facilitated thorough monitoring of the most important phenological stages of crop development in the experimental design, which consisted of 27 plots, each covering one hectare. The collected imagery underwent enhancement and expansion, integrating a sixth band that embodies the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values in conjunction with the original five multispectral bands (Blue, Green, Red, Red Edge, and Near Infrared Red). This amplification enables a more effective evaluation of vegetation health and growth, rendering the enriched dataset a valuable resource for the progression and validation of crop monitoring and yield prediction models, as well as for the exploration of precision agriculture methodologies. Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7749239, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7749362, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7748792, https://zenodo.org/record/7860751. Dataset License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.

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1

22.     

Skakov, Mazhyn

a, b;

Ocheredko, Igor

b

Ocheredko I.;

Tuyakbayev, Baurzhan

b;

Bayandinova, Moldir

b;

Nurizinova, Makpal

b

Development and Studying of the Technology for Thermal Spraying of Coatings Made from Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene

UHMWPE is resistant to acids, alkalis and radiation. Its combination of unique properties makes this material attractive for obtaining multifunctional coatings. However, in practice, obtaining coatings based on UHMWPE is associated with difficulties associated with low thermal conductivity and high viscosity of the material. The possibility of overcoming the technological problems of obtaining gas-thermal coatings based on UHMWPE was studied in the present work. A physical model of a flame with UHMWPE particles moving along the central axis was developed by the finite element method. The temperature along the central axis of the plume was determined. The interaction between a gas-thermal torch and a UHMWPE particle was established. It was determined that the residence time of UHMWPE particles in a gas-thermal flame is not enough for its complete penetration, which is the reason for the appearance of various defects. The interrelation of the particle heating rate in the torch depending on its diameter was determined. A new variant of coating deposition with preliminary heating of the powder in a fluidized bed was proposed. The thermal characteristics of UHMWPE powder were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The allowable temperature interval for UHMWPE deposition was established. Coatings were obtained under various deposition modes. It was established using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy that the structure of the crystal lattice of UHMWPE did not change after deposition. Significant oxidation processes do not occur during spraying. It was found using scanning electron microscopy that the coatings obtained with preliminary heating of the powder in a fluidized bed do not have air inclusions. The obtained results make it possible to obtain higher quality coatings.

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1

23.     

Bayatanova, Lyaila

a, b;

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan

b;

Kengesbekov, Aidar

a, b

Kengesbekov A.;

Kylyshkanov, Manarbek

c;

Abdulina, Saule

a, d;

Adilkanova, Meruyert

d;

Sagdoldina, Zhuldyz

Production of Anhydrite Binder from Waste Fluorangydrite

The technology for obtaining hydrofluoric acid and the peculiarities of its production were studied, and the physical and chemical properties of the waste were examined. Activators that accelerated the hardening of the anhydrite binder were selected. The process of recycling fluorine hydrite waste from the production of hydrofluoric acid at Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC was studied, and anhydrite unburnt binder with a setting time of 30 min was obtained. On the basis of the obtained data, a technological scheme of anhydrite binder production was developed. The effectiveness of the technological scheme was confirmed experimentally. This work aimed to study the possibility of the integrated use of secondary and anthropogenic raw materials from Ulba Metallurgical Plant, which represents an important means of not only increasing production efficiency and economic benefits and reducing the irrational alienation of land resources, but also protecting against the pollution of water and air basins, as the environmental policy of UMP JSC is nowadays of great importance.

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0

24.     

Yessenova, Moldir

a

Yessenova M.;

Abdikerimova, Gulzira

a

Abdikerimova G.;

Sadirmekova, Zhanna B.

b

Sadirmekova Z.B.;

Glazyrina, Natalya

c

Glazyrina N.;

Adikanova, Saltanat

d

Adikanova S.;

Tanirbergenov, Adilbek

e

Tanirbergenov A.;

Karipola, Mukhamedrakhimov

f

Karipola M.;

Mukhamedrakhimova, Galiya

Features of growth of agricultural crops and factors negatively affecting their growth

This article is about methods of analyzing aerial images. Images from Planet.com for crops in North Kazakhstan owned by the Center for Cereal Production and Research. A.I. Barayev. The main goal of the research work is to develop and implement algorithms that allow identifying and distinguishing factors in aerial photographs that adversely affect the growth of plants during the growing season. Spectral brightness coefficient (SBC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), textural features, clustering, and integral transformations are used to solve the problem. Particular attention has been paid to the development of software tools for selecting features that describe textural differences to divide texture regions into subregions. That is weeds, and pests in aerial images. The application of a set of textural features and orthogonal transformations to the analysis of experimental data is explored to identify regions of potentially correlated features in the future. The analysis of the received data made it possible to determine the characteristics of changes in the reflective capacity of agricultural plants and weeds in certain stages of the growing season. The obtained information is of great importance for confirming the observations from space remote from the aerial images.

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0

25.     

Khasenov, Mendykhan

a

Khasenov M.;

Samarkhanov, Kuanysh

a, b

Samarkhanov K.;

Batyrbekov, Erlan

c

Batyrbekov E.;

Gordienko, Yuriy

a

Gordienko Y.;

Kenzhina, Inesh E.

d, e

Kenzhina I.E.;

Tulubayev, Yevgeniy

Optical Radiation during Sputtering of Lithium into a Noble Gas Using a Nanosecond Electron Beam

The optical radiation in a gaseous medium upon the irradiation of a lithium layer with a fast electron beam of a 5 ns duration has been studied. The irradiation chamber was filled with argon, krypton, or xenon at a pressure of 10 kPa up to 60 kPa. The lines of lithium atoms appear in the emission spectrum at a lithium layer temperature of 650–680 K, and the intensity of these lines sharply increases with the increasing temperature of the lithium layer. The optical radiation arises from both the transitions of noble gas atoms and the transition of the lithium atom in a time of about 20–30 ns. The duration of the radiation pulses at half maximum at temperatures above 800 K was 60–100 ns at a wavelength of 610.4 nm and 140–220 ns at 670.8 nm in krypton and argon. The various mechanisms for the population of lithium levels during the radiation pulse are discussed.

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2

26.     

Kurbanova, Bayan

a;

Aimaganbetov, Kazybek

b;

Ospanov, Kanat

b;

Abdrakhmanov, Kairat

b;

Zhakiyev, Nurkhat

c, d;

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan

Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PEEK

In this work, the mechanical and tribological characteristics of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) sheets were enhanced by electron beam irradiation. PEEK sheets irradiated at a speed of 0.8 m/min with a total dose of 200 kGy achieved the lowest specific wear rate of 4.57 ± 0.69 (10−6 mm3/N−1m−1), compared to unirradiated PEEK with a rate of 13.1 ± 0.42 (10−6 mm3/N−1m−1). Exposure to an electron beam at 9 m/min for 30 runs, with a dose of 10 kGy per run for a total dose of 300 kGy, resulted in the highest improvement in microhardness, reaching 0.222 GPa. This may be due to the decrease in crystallite size, as indicated by the broadening of the diffraction peaks in the irradiated samples. According to the results of thermogravimetric analysis, the degradation temperature of the irradiated samples remained unchanged at 553 ± 0.5 °C, except a sample irradiated at dose 400 kGy, where the degradation temperature shifted towards a lower position of 544 ± 0.5 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the melting temperature ((Formula presented.)) of the unirradiated PEEK was about 338 ± 0.5 °C, while a high temperature shift of the (Formula presented.) was observed for the irradiated samples.

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27.     

Russakova, Alyona

a;

Zhilkashinova, Almira

a

Zhilkashinova A.;

Alontseva, Darya

b;

Abilev, Madi

c

Abilev M.;

Khozhanov, Alexandr

b;

Zhilkashinova, Assel

Effect of the Dislocation Substructure Parameters of Hadfield Steel on Its Strain Hardening

This article presents a study of changes in the microstructure of Hadfield steel depending on the tensile deformation and cold rolling with the strain/stress level. It has been established that the change in the “σ-ε” curve (at ε = 5%) is accompanied by a 1.5-times decrease in the strain-hardening coefficient. At ε = 0 to 5%, the structure contains dislocation loops, the interweaving of elongated dislocations, single-layer stacking faults. At ε = 5%, the structure contains multilayer stacking faults and mechanical microtwins. At ε > 5%, there is an intense microtwinning with no long dislocations and stacking faults. The most intense twinning develops in the range of deformation degrees of 5–20%, while the number of twins in the pack increases from 3–4 at ε = 10% to 6–8 at ε = 20%. When mechanical twinning is included, a cellular dislocation substructure begins to develop intensively. The cell size decreases from 700 nm at ε = 5% to 150 nm at ε = 40%. Twinning develops predominantly in systems with the largest Schmid factor and facilitates the dislocation glide. The results may be of interest to the researchers of the deformation processes of austenitic alloys.

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0

28.     

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan

a, b;

Bayatanova, Lyaila

b;

Kurbanbekov, Sherzod

c

Kurbanbekov S.;

Sulyubayev, Ravil

d;

Shektibayev, Nurdaulet

c;

Berdimuratov, Nurbol

a

Investigation on the effect of technological parameters of electrolyte-plasma cementation method on phase structure and mechanical properties of structural steel 20X

This article presents the results of a study on the effect of electrolyte-plasma cementation on the phase composition of the surface-modified layer and the mechanical properties of 20X steel using different solutions. It has been determined that electrolyte-plasma cementation followed by quenching in solutions containing (a) 10% calcined soda (Na2CO3), 10% urea (CH4N2O), 10% glycerin (C3H8O3) and 70% distilled water and (b) 10% calcined soda (Na2CO3), 20% urea (CH4N2O) and 70% distilled water, results in the formation of a modified structure on the surface of 20X steel. This structure mainly consists of the α-Fe phase, along with separate particles of reinforcing phases, Fe3C and Fe3C7 carbides and martensitic α’-Fe phase. The plasma of the electrolyte was used to heat the samples. Then these samples were partially immersed in the electrolyte and held at a temperature of 950 °C for 5 min, followed by quenching. As a result of this process, it was found that 20X steel exhibits higher hardness. After the electrolyte plasma cementation, it was observed that the friction coefficient of the modified surface of the steel samples significantly decreased. Additionally, the wear volume was reduced by more than 6.5 times compared to the initial state. The average microhardness after the electrolyte-plasma cementation is 660 HV, which is nearly four times higher than that of the initial material.     

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0

29.     

Ramazanova, Ainur

Ramazanova A.;

Sabitova, Assyl

Sabitova A.;

Orsayeva, Raissa

Orsayeva R.;

Bairkenova, Gulmira

Bairkenova G.;

Smailova, Indira

Religious context and its influence on banking sector regulation

The aim of the study is to identify typical religiously-based regulatory practices in the banking sector of secular states. With this end in view, the intersection of religion and banking was qualitatively analysed, as well as confessional-based economies of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were characterised. The results obtained provide evidence that religion exerts a notable influence on the social and economic life of the country. The Jewish banking system is based on the analogy of the Islamic finance paradigm – it is built upon Sharia law but provides services for the population according to national jurisdiction of the state and the laws of the Torah. In the meantime, the regulation of basic banking practices in the Christian tradition is not religiously conditioned. The originality of this study is in the analytical tool designed to manage financial activities within the particular economic system while making allowances to the moral values of society.

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30.     

Raimbekov, Zhanarys

a

Raimbekov Z.;

Syzdykbayeva, Bakyt

a

Syzdykbayeva B.;

Rakhmetulina, Aigerim

b

Rakhmetulina A.;

Rakhmetulina, Zhibek

c

Rakhmetulina Z.;

Abylaikhanova, Tana

International Trade and Logistics of Kazakhstan and Its Trading Partners: Contribution to Economic Growth and Distribution of Trade Flows*

Purpose: To investigate the intensity of bilateral international trade of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) countries with Kazakhstan, its relationship with logistics (LPI), to assess their contribution to economic growth and distribution of commodity flows. Research design, data, and methodology: The method of analyzing the bilateral trade flow was applied by using the trade intensity index (TII) and a multidimensional regression model describing the relationship between LPI and its components, TII, the volume of exports and imports, GDP. Results: The nature and directions of the relationship between TII and the key components of logistics, the positive impact of LPI on the intensity of trade are established. It is revealed that the intensity of trade between the countries in the direction of the EAEU-Kazakhstan has a greater impact on the growth of LPI than in the opposite direction. At the same time, the higher the level of trade integration and the volume of GDP, the stronger their impact on the efficiency of logistics and distribution of commodity flows. Conclusions: Effective distribution of commodity flows will require the development of logistics components based on the direction of bilateral trade and the size of countries, the intensification of state reforms in the field of international trade and distribution logistics.

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31.     

Apakhayev, Nurlan Z.

a

Apakhayev N.Z.;

Ramazanova, Ainur S.

b

Ramazanova A.S.;

Bugybay, Dina B.

c

Bugybay D.B.;

Adilova, Kultay A.

d

Adilova K.A.;

Kopbayev, Duman Z

Adoption of the administrative procedural code as the implementation of Kazakhstan’s legal policy concept

The purpose of this study is to investigate the features and innovations of the Administrative Procedural Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (APCRK) within the framework of Concept adopted by the Kazakh government. To achieve this purpose, the following methods were employed: analysis, synthesis, comparison, and induction. In particular, the study employed the method of comparative analysis of approaches to the study of administrative justice of European states. The main conclusion of the study is that at present, the APCRK constitutes a combination of laws that contained disconnected norms for the regulation of relations between citizens and public authorities. The applied value of this study lies in offering recommendations for improving the introduced innovations in the APCRK.

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32.     

Mukasheva, Roza

a;

Rakhmetullina, Zhenisgul

a

Rakhmetullina Z.;

Uvaliyeva, Indira

a;

Mukhamedova, Raushan

b;

Amenova, Farida

c

DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE ON A PACKET SWITCHING SUBNET

Currently, data traffic is growing rapidly, and ensuring optimal network performance and effective data flow management have become the most important tasks. In this context, the quality of network service plays a crucial role in achieving these goals. This article suggests an approach to solving the problem of efficient service in ISDN. Namely, optimization of resource distribution between channel switching and packet switching subnets in ISDN to calculate optimal quality of service characteristics. In the process of ISDN design analysis, an optimization problem is compiled, where the evaluation of the packet-switched subnet service is used as an objective function, and the evaluation of the circuit-switched subnet service is used as one of the constraints for this task. To calculate the main characteristics of a packet-switched subnet, the subnet is considered as a service system with a delay. During the study, the methods of optimal movement of the generalized channel boundary between the subnets of channel switching and packet switching were identified, depending on the data parameters and the state of the integrated network, which made it possible to develop an optimal mathematical model of optimal control of the generalized boundary. To calculate the bandwidth for channel switching and packet switching subnets, an algorithm has been compiled to implement the resulting model and a program in C++ has been compiled. The study of the generalized boundary and the dynamic redistribution of bandwidth between subnets represents a new approach to network optimization. The results are based on the use of the classical Erlang formula for systems with service failures and on load distribution plans, which makes it possible to effectively manage the maintenance process in the network.

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33.     

Bondarovich, Andrey

a;

Illiger, Patrick

b;

Schmidt, Gerd

b;

Ponkina, Elena

a;

Nugumanova, Aliya

c;

Maulit, Almasbek

a

Maulit A.;

Sutula, Maxim

a

Effects of Agricultural Cropping Systems on Soil Water Capacity: The Case in Cross-Border Altai

Temperate grasslands are called the breadbaskets of the world. Due to most continental climate conditions, humus-rich soils have been developed. These soils are very well suited for grain production. This is why extensive conversions from natural steppe to arable land have been implemented in this biome. The Kulunda Steppe, in Southwest Siberia and Central Asia, occupies large parts of the driest regions of the Eurasian Steppe Belt. It was one of the sites of the Virgin Land Campaign realized in the former Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. Intensive agricultural practices have caused significant soil degradation, mainly through humus loss and soil erosion. This results in the degradation of organic carbon, altering the physical and chemical structure of the chestnut soils and impacting their water storage capacity. Against the background of climatic changes, a further intensification of these processes and conditions is to be expected. To stabilize soil carbon and optimize moisture utilization, it is necessary to extensively introduce worldwide experiences in conservation cropping technologies (such as no-till, min-till, and direct seeding) in the area. This study aimed to determine the effects of different cropping systems on soil water storage and water availability. The study’s initial hypothesis was that the soil conservational cropping system has advantages against the traditional deep tillage (24 cm). This hypothesis was based on extensive global experience studying the effects of different agricultural management systems on soil-water balance. In 2013–2016, an experiment was conducted for the first time in the Kulunda steppe to instrumentally measure soil moisture and matrix potential at 30–60–120 cm depth under traditional and conservation technology using innovative meteorological and soil hydrological stations. Statistically significant advantages of no-till over deep tillage (24 cm) in terms of moisture retention were found, confirming the hypothesis of this study. Besides, this groundbreaking study reveals new possibilities for soil monitoring in the region. The acquired data are applicable for predictive models using remote sensing. Moreover, the results on the management effects for the soil water balance provide basic approaches to soil water monitoring, offering important data for evaluating model results and remote sensing products for the region.

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34.     

Batyrbekov, Erlan

a;

Khasenov, Mendykhan

b;

Skakov, Mazhyn

a, c;

Gordienko, Yuriy

b;

Samarkhanov, Kuanysh

b, c

Samarkhanov K.;

Kotlyar, Andrey

b;

Miller, Alexandr

b;

Bochkov, Vadim

b

High-Energy Tritium Ion and α-Particle Release from the Near-Surface Layer of Lithium During Neutron Irradiation in the Nuclear Reactor Core

This paper examines in situ spectroscopic measurements of nuclear-excited plasma of noble gases excited by 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction products in the core of a nuclear reactor. A thin layer of lithium applied on the walls of the experimental device, stabilized in the matrix of the capillary-porous structure, serves as a source of gas excitation. During in-pile tests conducted at the IGR research reactor, thermal neutrons interact via the 6Li(n,α)3H reaction, and the emergent α-particles with a kinetic energy of 2.05 MeV and tritium ions with a kinetic energy of 2.73 MeV excite the noble gas (Ar) medium. The intensity of tritium release from the lithium layer in noble gases was estimated by the intensity of the α-line of the Balmer series of the tritium atom 3Hα (656.2 nm). A tritium release was observed at 710 K due to the beginning of desorption of thermalized tritium atoms dissolved in the liquid phase of lithium. The results are of interest in terms of clarifying the mechanisms and developing models that allow for describing the processes of generation, diffusion, and release of tritium from lithium during neutron irradiation.

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35.     

Skakov, Mazhyn

a, c;

Baklanov, Victor

b;

Zhanbolatova, Gainiya

a, c

Zhanbolatova G.;

Miniyazov, Arman

b, d;

Sokolov, Igor

b, d;

Kozhakhmetov, Yernat

b;

Tulenbergenov, Timur

b, d;

Mukhamedova, Nuriya

b;

Bukina, Olga

b;

Gradoboev, Alexander

e

The effect of recrystallization annealing on the tungsten surface carbidization in a beam plasma discharge

Tungsten was chosen as the plasma facing material (PFM) of the ITER divertor. However, graphite and carbon-graphite materials are used as PFM in some research thermonuclear facilities, including the Kazakhstan materials science tokamak. This circumstance determines the interest in continuing the study of the formation of mixed layers under plasma irradiation. This article is devoted to the study of the effect of preliminary recrystallization annealing on the carbidization of the tungsten surface in a beam-plasma discharge (BPD), which is one of the ways to simulate the peripheral plasma of a tokamak. Experiments on preliminary isochoric and isothermal annealing of tungsten samples were carried out in the mode of direct heating of tungsten samples by an electron beam. The carbidization of tungsten samples after annealing was carried out in a methane atmosphere in the BPD at a temperature of 1000 °C for a duration of 3600 s. Optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure of the tungsten surface. It has been established that differences in the structure arising during recrystallization annealing affect the transfer of carbon atoms in the near-surface area of tungsten and the formation of tungsten carbides (WC or W2C). © 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

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1

36.     

Efremenkova, Maria N.

a, d

Efremenkova M.N.;

Murashcenkova, Nadezhda V.

b

Murashcenkova N.V.;

Gritsenko, Valentina V.

Gritsenko V.V.;

Stelmakh, Svetlana A.

a

Stelmakh S.A.;

Burdina, Elena I

Perceptions of the Present and Future of the Country as a Factor of the Emigration Activity of Student Youth: Cross-Cultural Analysis

Objective. Analysis of the relationship between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and the emigration activity of students in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. Background. The study of the perceptions of residence country as predictors of students’ emigration activity can improve the effectiveness of youth policy in preserving valuable human capital at the country level. Research design. Using multiple regression analysis, the results of the January-April 2021 online survey identified the specifics of the relationships between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and emigration activity of young people in three countries. Participants. University students are citizens of Belarus (208 people), Kazakhstan (200) and Russia (250) aged 18 to 25 years. Measurements. Research questionnaire included 6 statements, based on the theory of planned behavior, developed by I. Ajzen, for studying emigration intentions and behavior in their realization, as well as two sets of characteristics from “Scale of temporary attitudes” by J. Nutten for studying the present and future of the country of residence. Results. Factors of emigration activity of Russian student youth are perceptions of the present of their residence country as not long-lasting, not free, significant, but boring, as well as perceptions of future in Russia as significant, but not eventful and not innovative. Belarusian emigration-oriented youth perceive their country’s present as related to the past, not cohesive, but their own, and the country’s future as not cohesive and related to Belarus’ present. Kazakhstani emigration-oriented students perceive the present of their country as beautiful, active, but not close, not chaotic and not bright, and the future as not their own and not related to the present of Kazakhstan. Conclusions. There are differences in the relationships between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and emigration activity of young people in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. The effective implementation of youth policy to preserve valuable human capital at the country level requires considering the social and cultural context in which these relationships are formed.

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0

37.     

Yespolova, Gulden

a

Yespolova G.;

Irodakhon, Kholdarova

b

Irodakhon K.;

Bekzod, Baydjanov

b

Bekzod B.;

Rabiga, Bazarbekova

c

Rabiga B.;

Zhupat, Astambayeva

The influence of learning technology on the formation of research skills in primary school students: Action research

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the author’s teaching technology in developing schoolchildren’s research skills, the challenges an elementary school faces, and how the entire process of developing research skills works. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used. Participants were from No.15, No.1, No.46, and No.16 schools in Ust-Kamenogorsk (East Kazakhstan). A random selection was made of an EG comprising 176 students and a CG comprising 173 students. To test the hypothesis that the author’s teaching technology in studying natural science fosters the effectiveness of generating research skills, the research methodology employed an experimental pretest-posttest learning CG and EG study. As a result of the introduction of the developed technology in the EG, the levels of formation of these skills among students from the CG and the EG differ significantly. Finally, the developed technology can be used in the practical activities of teachers in elementary schools and serve as the basis for creating methodological materials that perform the developing function of teaching «Natural Science.»

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0

38.     

Wójcik, Waldemar

a

Wójcik W.;

Savina, Nataliia

b;

Kovshun, Nataliia

c;

Akselrod, Roman

d;

Bezsmertna, Oksana V.

e;

Adikanova, Saltanat

f;

Akbarova, Gulviram

Risk Assessment as a Decision-Making Tool in the Field of Public Health and Environment

The article deals with the current issues of interconnection between public health and the quality of water resources. It was proposed to determine environmental safety areas in the basins of small rivers based on environmental morbidity valuation. Four phases are herewith determined: hazard identification, exposure assessment, environmental mortality rate assessment, decision-making regarding the need for implementation and water protection measures. In order to assess the influence of the state of river quality on the health status of the population in the certain administrative region, the impact factor of recreational water use was introduced. The risks related to organoleptic, sanitary and toxicological properties of water; epidemiological water hazard are considered.

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0

39.     

Milenin, Dmytro

a

Milenin D.;

Lysychenko, Mykola

a

Lysychenko M.;

Milenin, Andriy

a

Milenin A.;

Koval, Leonid

b

Koval L.;

Amirgaliyeva, Saltanat

c

Amirgaliyeva S.;

Satymbekov, Maxatbek

d

Satymbekov M.;

Adikanova, Saltanat

OPTIMIZATION OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION, EXPOSURE TIME AND ROTARY SPEED OF INCUBATIVE EGGS

Recently, the laser technology of influencing biological objects in biology, medicine, and veterinary medicine has become widespread in order to activate certain biochemical and physiological processes in the organism. Any influence of electromagnetic radiation (in part icular optical emission) requires the exact adherence to the recommended illumination dose to obtain a positive effect on the biological object. The article presents the results of a theoretical study concerning provision of uniform illumination of the egg’s surface, taking into account the location of the laser radiation source and rotating time of the egg.

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0

40.     

Bukabayeva, Znanylkhan

a

Bukabayeva Z.;

Abiyev, Sardarbek

a;

Silybayeva, Batiyash

b;

Assanova, Ulbala

b;

Sharipkhanova, Anargul

c;

Sagdatkyzy, Balnur

b

Epiphytic and epigeal lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the Burabay National Park, Kazakhstan

Lichens are recognized as a symbiotic association between a fungus (mycobiont) and a chlorophyll-containing partner (photobiont). Because lichens receive all their nutrients from the atmosphere, they are very sensitive to air quality and can be used as bioindicators of pollution by heavy metals, organic compounds and radioactive elements in the air. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of lichens as bioindicators of the heavy metal content in the air in the Burabay National Park, northern Kazakhstan. In the period from 2018 to 2022, we studied the floristic composition of lichens in the national park. To inform air pollution level, we determined the quantitative characteristics and projective cover of an epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. at different heights above ground level, and the heavy-metal content in an epigeal lichen Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh (Syn. Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vĕzda) at different distances from the road edge. We identified 56 species of lichen belonging to 23 genera and 16 families on the roadsides or in the nearby forest. We found that the average number of individuals of E. prunastri decreased as the tree trunk height increased. The largest number of individuals (11.3) was observed at a height of 60 cm, and the smallest (2.5), at a height of 150 cm. The analysis of C. alpestris samples taken at different distances (50, 100, 150, 200 m) from the roadside showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Ga, V, and Сs were high, and for all the elements studied, except for Mn and Be, exceeded Maximum Allowable Concentration. Our study demonstrates that E. prunastri and C. alpestris are sensitive to air pollution from road traffic and can be used as biomonitors of heavy metal pollution in the study area. Because of the ever-increasing anthropogenic pressure on the vegetation of the Burabay National Park, we recommend further research and monitoring of its lichen biota.

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0

41.     

Pronin S.A.

a

Pronin S.A.;

Korolkov E.P.

b;

Asmolova L.A.

c;

Kakieva, L.Kh.

d

DYNAMICS OF THE TOPICS OF BOOKS ON SCIENTIFIC AND / OR METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS PUBLISHED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2000-2019

Objective of the study was to identify the main trends in the dynamics of the development of the subject of books on scientific and / or methodological problems of physical culture and sports published in the Russian Federation in the period 2000-2019. Methods and structure of the study. At the first stage of the bibliographic search, individual publications on physical culture and sports topics were selected, published in Russian in the period from 2000 to 2019. The research base was information sources of the largest libraries of the Russian Federation — the Russian State Library, the Russian National Library, as well as libraries of sports universities. The resulting sample exceeded 40,000 units. The second stage consisted in the selection of scientific and/or methodological sources. Results and conclusions. The trend identified by the author is characterized by a general increase in the number of scientific papers of various thematic types with a decrease in the quality of research, numerous duplications of the names of collections and methodological materials on issues of physical culture and sports, the absence of narrowly focused scientific forums of the regional and Russian level. With a large amount of scientific work, some demographic categories, in particular, the elderly, are not in the field of scientific interests of scientists, despite the fact that program documents in the field of physical culture and sports set targets for their involvement in systematic physical activity.

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0

42.     

Ramazanova R.A.

a

 Ramazanova R.A.;

Saurbayeva B.S.

a;

Ivashchenko Y.N.

a;

Tantybayeva B.S.

b;

Zhamanbayeva M.K.

a

RESEARCH ON ZINC CONCENTRATE DRESSING AT THE ZHEZKENT PROCESSING PLANT TO OBTAIN CONDITIONED CONCENTRATE

The article investigates dressing of zinc concentrate of Zhezkent processing plant with the purpose of receiving conditioned zinc concentrate and copper product output. The scheme of the zinc concentrate ressing is suggested which includes the following operations: desorption of the initial concentrate by sodium sulfide and activated carbon; preliminary hydraulic classification (washing of thin sludge) complicating the flotation process; comminution of the concentrate in a ball mill up to the size of 96 %, class — 0,044 mm; flotation of copper minerals by reagents: xanthate, Methyl isobutyl ketone blowing agent, and depressors (Na2S, FeSO4, ZnSO4). The proposed dressing scheme provides obtaining conditioned zinc concentrate of grade KC-3 with Zn 47,0 %, and Cu 1,9 %.

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43.     

Aituganova, Saulesh

a

Aituganova S.;

Sarekenova, Karlygash

a;

Aubakir, Zhandos

a;

Seiputanova, Aiymgul

a;

Karipbayev, Zhanbota

b;

Aimukhambet, Zhanat

The Impact of Online Technologies Supported by the Teaching of Poetry Poetology on the Achievements and Attitudes of Students

The traditional face-to-face learning approach, which has been practiced for centuries, is gradually being replaced by a new learning approach. Today’s technology and research in the field of educational sciences show that the use of the Internet and information technologies in the field of education will have a direct impact on students’ achievement and attitudes. Within this context, this study aims to examine the effect of online teaching approach on the achievement, attitude towards poetry and learning retention of university students on the subject of ‘Abai Qunanbaiuly Poems’ in Kazakh Language Literature course. For this purpose, pretest-posttest model with control group from quasi-experimental models was used in the study. In the study, the subject of ‘Abai Qunanbaiuly Poems’ in the experimental group was taught by online teaching method and the same subject in the control group was taught according to the instructions of the existing curriculum. The study was conducted on a total of 60 students in the Kazakh Language and Literature department of a university in Almaty. Academic Achievement Test and Attitude Scale towards Poetry were used to collect data. According to the findings of the study, it was found that the online teaching approach increased students’ achievement, attitudes towards poetry and learning retention at a high level compared to the current curriculum-based education. Therefore, as a result of the research, it was revealed that online learning positively affects students’ academic achievement, attitudes and learning retention in Kazakh Language Literature course and recommendations were developed in this context.

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0

44.     

Saparbaikyzy, Sholpan

a

Saparbaikyzy S.;

Assilbayeva, Fatima

b;

Botabayeva, Ademi

c;

Kim, Olga

d;

Akparova, Zhanna

b;

Bekbayeva, Malika

e

A Study on Scientific Thinking Skills and Professional Experience of Teachers

Scientific thinking is considered as a cognitive process in which the underlying causes of a basic problem are solved. It is of great importance for teachers to have scientific thinking skills to improve their professional lives, to create effective learning environments, to continuously question the events and processes in the classroom, to carry out research, to identify problems and to produce solutions. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a significant difference between teachers’ scientific thinking skills and variables such as gender, seniority and branch. The research was conducted based on the comparative descriptive survey model. The data obtained concerning the demographic characteristics of the teachers were analyzed with frequency and percentage techniques. In the analyses between the demographic characteristics of the subjects and their scientific thinking skills, arithmetic mean, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), which were selected according to the characteristics of the groups, were used. For the research, the Scientific Thinking Skills Scale developed by Göktürker (2005) was adapted into Kazakh and applied to the teachers. According to the findings of the study, the scientific thinking skills of the participant teachers were found to be at a medium level. In addition, significant differences were found in teachers’ scientific thinking skills according to gender, branch and professional seniority factors.

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0

45.     

Baizhan D.R.

a, c

Baizhan D.R.;

Rakhadilov B.K.

b;

Aldabergenova T.M.

c;

Bayatanova L.B.

b, d;

Kurbanbekov Sh.R.

e;

Buitkenov D.B.

a

OBTAINING OF CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE COATINGS ON THE TITANIUM SURFACE BY MICRO-ARC OXIDATION

The results of experiments on obtaining calcium-phosphate coatings on substrates of titanium grade VT1-0 by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) are presented. The coatings were obtained by adding different amounts of titanium oxide nanoparticles to the electrolyte. The microstructure and tribological properties of calcium phosphate coatings were investigated. In conducted research results have been established and determined optimal modes and parameters for obtaining calcium phosphate coatings. It is shown that the addition of titanium oxide nanoparticles to the electrolyte can affect the structure also the strength of the obtained coatings. The research results led to conclude that such treatment of MAO from titanium alloys is promising to improve their splices with bone tissue.

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0

46.     

Kabdrakhmanova, Sana

a;

Aryp, Kadiran

a Aryp K.;

Shaimardan, Esbol

b;

Kanat, Elvira

a;

Selenova, Bagadat

a;

Nurgamit, Kantai

b, c;

Kerimkulova, Aigul

a;

Amitova, Aigul

a;

Maussumbayeva, Aida

Acid modification of clays from the Kalzhat, Orta Tentek deposits and study their physical-chemical properties

This research work is an acid modification of Kalzhat and Orta Tentek clays. Kazakhstan is rich in large deposits, and the Kalzhat and Orta Tentek deposits are not fully explored, therefore, in this research work, these deposits were studied. The activation of clays Kalzhat and Orta Tentek deposits of the Republic Kazakhstan with 5% and 10% hydrochloric acid solutions was carried out. Using X-ray fluorescence analysis and scanning electron microscopy, the chemical composition and morphology of the initial and modified clay samples were established. Using the X-ray diffraction method, it was established that the main rock-forming mineral of the Kalzhat and Orta Tentek clays is montmorillonite. It has been established that modification with hydrochloric acid leads to a decrease and leaching of calcium, potassium, magnesium, barium, zinc, aluminum and molybdenum ions from samples of both clays and an increase in the content of iron ions. It is shown that the zeta potentials of the initial clays are negatively charged and acid modification leads to a decrease in the negative value of the zeta potential due to a decrease in alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in the clay.

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0

47.     

Batyrbekov, Erlan

a;

Khasenov, Mendykhan

b;

Skakov, Mazhyn

a, c;

Gradoboev, Alexandr

d;

Gordienko, Yuriy

b;

Tulubayev, Yevgeniy

b;

Samarkhanov, Kuanysh

b, c

Samarkhanov K.;

Bochkov, Vadim

b

On the use of lithium-containing layers to study the sputtering of lithium into noble gas via bombardment by an electron beam

Interest in the sputtering of lithium into a gaseous medium by charged particles is associated with the possibility of excitation of large volumes of gas by the products of the nuclear reaction 6Li(n,α)3H. To simulate the processes during excitation of noble gas atom and lithium by 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction products, a lithium target was fabricated. This paper presents in sufficient detail the procedure for obtaining a lithium-containing layer, the main object of research, intended for conducting experiments to study the sputtering of lithium into noble gas upon excitation by a nanosecond electron beam. The possibility of using solid lithium hydride instead of lithium in the liquid phase in a surface excitation source is discussed. The lithium target was located in the irradiation chamber of the experimental setup based on a pulsed electron accelerator. The lithium layer during bombardment by a pulsed fast electron beam is heated from 300 K up to 900 K. During heating, the luminescence spectra were recorded using a QEPro-abs spectrometer (Ocean Insight). The paper presents in-situ spectroscopic measurements of lithium sputtering into noble gas under high-speed electron beam bombardment in a wide temperature and spectral range. The temperature dependences of intensity of the emission of atoms of noble gases and lithium have been studied. The results of scientific research can be used in designing of high-power lasers pumped by an electron or ion beam.

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0

48.     

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan

aRakhadilov B.;

Kakimzhanov, Dauir

a

Kakimzhanov D.;

Dautbekov, Merkhat

b

Dautbekov M.;

Sagdoldina, Zhuldyz

c

Sagdoldina Z.;

Adylkanova, Meruyert

b

Adylkanova M.;

Abylkalykova, Riza

Influence of Spraying Parameters on the Structure and Tribological Properties of Cr3C2-NiCr Detonation Coatings

In this work, the influence of spray parameters on the formation of the microstructure, phase composition, and the tribological properties of detonation flame sprayed coatings was studied. It was determined that the chemical composition of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings during detonation spraying depends on the degree of filling the barrel with an explosive gas mixture. The degree of filling the barrel with an explosive gas mixture at 73% leads to a decrease in the content of carbide phases, and at 57% filling of the barrel, an increase in carbide phases is observed. It is established that the decrease of the filling degree leads to the increase of hardness and wear resistance of the Cr3C2-NiCr coatings since the hardness and wear resistance of the coating material deposited at 57% is higher than at 65% and 73%; this is due to the increase in the carbide phase Cr3C2. Detonation flame sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr gradient coatings have been developed in this study, which is carried out by varying the spray parameters. It was found that in the gradient coating, Cr3C2-NiCr carbide phases gradually increase from the depth to the surface. The obtained gradient coating closer to the substrate consists of the CrNi3 phase, while the coating surface consists of CrNi3 and Cr3C2 phases. © 2023 Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov et al.

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0

49.     

Koilybayeva, Raushan

a

Koilybayeva R.;

Zhunis, Maira

a

Zhunis M.;

Kusmanova, Kulzhibek

b

Kusmanova K.;

Mirov, Mukhtar

c

Mirov M.;

Missyachenko, Svetlana

d

Patterns of Interaction in Family Discourse: A Resilience Theory Perspective          

In modern linguistics, the issue of values has become especially acute. The value system was considered in the context of family discourse. The purpose of this article was to consider family discourse characteristics and the connection of the family discourse with the resilience theory. It defined the lingua-axiological aspect through language, national values, and communication. One hundred sixty-seven participants from Kazakhstan took part in an online survey, representing their attitude to family values. The findings revealed that family support, understanding, love, parental agreements, and having a child were rated higher than other values. Decisions were made by both parents or collectively. Participants’ answers portrayed family values as different from traditional family discourse. The study clarified the importance of family values, parents’ roles, family traditions, and methods of teaching family values. The research findings demonstrated that the narrative organization of family communication distinguishes the main signs of the lingua-axiological aspect in family discourse.

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0

50.     

Dashkovskiy, Petr K.

a

Dashkovskiy P.K.;

Zhanbosinova, Aljbina S.

b;

Stolyarova, Eleonora O.

Regional Factors in the Formation of Religious Identity Among the Students of East-Kazakhstan (Based on Results of Sociological Research)

In the context of globalization, the problem of religious identity has become a focus of interdisciplinary research. The interest is due to the general destabilizing phenomena associated with non-traditional religious movements. The post-Soviet space, including Kazakhstan, has not escaped the activation and politicization of ethno-confessional processes. There is a hypothesis that permanent residence and primary socialization do not affect the religious identity formation in Kazakhstan. In order to confirm or disprove this hypothesis, we conducted a pilot study. The study participants were three groups of university students from the East-Kazakhstan region. The paper presents the results of the first stage of our research to identify similarities and dissimilarities in students’ religious identity in the Eastern and Southern regions of Kazakhstan. The study showed that regional differences in socio-economic and cultural-historical nature are possible factors influencing the religious identity of youth.

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51.     

Shurshitbay, Maira

a, b

Shurshitbay M.;

Kabdrakhmanova, Faiina

a, b

Kabdrakhmanova F.;

Seitembetov, Yermek

a, b

Seitembetov Y.;

Zhirenova, Aigul

a,

The Philosophy of Upbringing Healthy and Well-bred Generation of Kazakh Nationality

The article deals with the role, peculiarities and philosophical issues of upbringing healthy and well-bred generation in Kazakh ethnomedicine, which has been passed down from generation to generation and has not lost its importance. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the Kazakh people’s attitudes to nature, formed in connection with the natural environment, and the method of treatment based on shamanic beliefs. Philosophical concepts of nobility norms preservation of the Kazakh nation, following the tradition of exogamy in the formation of generation health, have been analysed. The doctrine of blood purity is discussed in Treatise on Healing by Uteiboydak Tleu-kabyluly, a scientist-healer of 15th century. Tleukabyluly considers debauchery, love relationships outside of marriage, unacceptable. He gives a reason why Kazakhs should be banned from related marriages up to the seventh generation, since, according to his observations, this leads to infertility and miscarriages or the birth of an imbecile child. The role of the mother in the healthy generation was studied in the national philosophical context. © 2023, Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers. All rights reserved.

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1

52.     

Saurbayeva B.S.

a;

Ivashchenko Y.N.

a;

Ramazanova R.A.

a

Ramazanova R.A.;

Tantybayeva B.S.

c;

Kabdrakhmanova S.K.

b

RESEARCH OF COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND CATALITIC REACTIVITY OF METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY SLAG

The article deals with the research of component composition and catalitic reactivity of metallurgical waste prod-ucts. The slags component composition was investigated by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The slag stuff has been modified with alkali (NaOH) and mineral acids (HNO3, H2 SO4, НCI and H3 PO4), and their catalytic reactivity in the catalytic decomposition of ethyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide has been determined for the first time. The re-vealed catalytic reactivity of the slag staff for the decomposition of ethyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide indicates the need for a more detailed research and development of an industrial non-ferrous waste treatment technology.

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53.     

Zharlikov M.S.

a;

Aubakirova R.A.

b;

Daumova G.K.

c

Daumova G.K.;

Ivashchenko E.N.

c;

Saurbayeva B.S.

c;

Sanyazova, Sh. K.

IMPROVING THE ASSAY-GRAVIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CONTENT OF NOBLE METALS

The study considers the current state and problems of analytical control as the most important component of all stages of technology and production of noble metals. Based on the analysis carried out, a universal method for measuring the mass fraction of gold and silver in ores, products of their enrichment and metallurgical processing by the assay-gravimetric method was improved, and the optimal parameters for determining gold and silver were de-termined.

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54.     

Sutula, Maxim Yu.

a

Sutula M.Yu.;

Khosnutdinova, Tatyana S.

a;

Zhakmanova, Yekaterina A.

a;

Akhmadiyeva, Alena N.

b

The Prevalence of Recombinant Strains of Potato Virus Y in the East Kazakhstan Region

disease development and spread; field crops; PVY; Solanum tuberosum L; viroids; viruses

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55.     

Nagima, Bissembayeva

a

Nagima B.;

Saniya, Nurgaliyeva

b

Saniya N.;

Gulden, Yespolova

c

Gulden Y.;

Saule, Zeinolla

d

Saule Z.;

Aisulu, Satynskaya

a

Aisulu S.;

Nazigul, Makhmetova

a

Influence of special learning technology on the effectiveness of pedagogical ethics formation in future teachers

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of special training technology in the formation of the pedagogical ethics of future teachers, the problem of a regional university in the formation of pedagogical ethics among students and how the entire formation pedagogical ethics process takes place. The study included 102 students (aged 18–22) with pedagogical profiles who were all present. Expert assessment method, a scaling method for studying the level of formedness of the future teacher’s professional ethics, a survey of students and teachers (questions with attached assessment characteristics), questioning, including the ranking of value orientations and observation of the process of pedagogical ethics formation among future teachers were used. The revealed results have shown that the propensity and willingness of students for future pedagogical activity, their desire for continuous self-education and self-improvement as well as a creative and responsible attitude towards their profession have not been formed. It was necessary to involve future teachers in a specially designed programme aimed at developing pedagogical ethics as a method of self-regulation in the educational process and within the framework of the organisation of students’ extracurricular activities.

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10

№

п/п

Автор

Название статьи

Аннотация

Ссылка

Индекс цитирования

2024 год

1.        

Markhaba, Karmenova Markhaba .; Aizhan, Tlebaldinova

Aizhan T.; Karlygash, Alibekkyzy bKarlygash .; Zheniskul, Zhantassova Zheniskul .; Indira, Karymsakova

Identification and characterisation of earthquake clusters from seismic historical data

New approaches and methods based on machine learning technologies make it possible to identify not only the spread of earthquakes, but also to establish hidden patterns that allow further assessment of any risks associated with their occurrence. In this article, the clustering algorithms of K-means and K-medoids are applied for the analysis of seismic data recorded on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using the Elbow and Silhouette methods, the optimal value of K clusters was determined, which was later used in classifying a data set using cluster analysis methods. The results of seismic data classification by clustering algorithms are in line with expectations. However, when measuring the quality of clustering, the accuracy of the model by the K-means method exceeded the accuracy of the K-medoids model, and the scoring value by the K-means method is ahead of the value by the K-medoids method. In addition, the presented results of descriptive statistics allowed to carry out a more in-depth analysis of the characteristics of each cluster. © 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

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2.        

Samarkhanov, Kuanysh Samarkhanov K.K.; Khasenov, Mendykhan U. a; Batyrbekov, Erlan G. d; Skakov, Mazhyn K. c, d; Gradoboev, Alexander V. e; Bedenko, Sergey V. e; Vega-Carrillo, Hector Rene f; Kenzhina, Inesh E. b; Askerbekov, Saulet K. b; Kozlovskiy, Artem L. b; Zaurbekova, Zhanna A. b; Shaimerdenov, Asset A. Begentayev, Meiram M. b; Tolenova, Aktolkyn U. b; Abshurikova, Aigerim M. b

Nuclear-excited source of coherent and incoherent radiation with direct nuclear pumping

Uranium fission fragments, as well as the products of 3He(n,p)3H and 10B(n,α)7Li nuclear reactions were utilized in the nuclear reactor for gas ionization and excitation. However, the 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction was less examined. The use of lithium-6 as a surface source of excitation of the gas medium, due to the long path length of tritium nuclei in the gas, allows to excite large volumes of gas as opposed to using 235U or 10B. While investigating the luminescence of noble gases in the core of the IVG.1M research reactor, we noted an appearance of alkali metal lines and a sharp increase in the intensity of these lines at temperatures above 570 K. It was determined that the population of levels of lithium atoms has practically no effect on the population of the 2p-levels of atoms of noble gases. The selectivity of p- and s-levels deactivation by lithium atoms implies the possibility of creating inversion of population at 2p-1s transitions of noble gas atoms. Successful experiments to study the luminescence of gases upon excitation by 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction products allow us to proceed to experiments to achieve the laser action threshold and study the lasing characteristics of gas mixtures at the IGR pulsed nuclear reactor with thermal neutron flux density up to 7∙1016 n/cm2s. For this purpose, an experimental device designs were proposed to perform experiments on the IGR reactor. A step-by-step procedure of fabrication of a nuclear-excited source for excitation of gas mixtures is provided. The results of reactor experiments aimed at determining the spectral and temporal characteristics of optical radiation during excitation of gas mixtures by 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction products are presented. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

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3.        

Buitkenov, Dastan  Buitkenov D.; Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan a Rakhadilov B.; Nabioldina, Aiym a Nabioldina A.; Mukazhanov, Yerkat a Mukazhanov Y.; Adilkanova, Meruert b Adilkanova M.; Raisov, Nurmakhanbet a,

Raisov N.

Investigation of Structural Phase, Mechanical, and Tribological Characteristics of Layer Gradient Heat-Protective Coatings Obtained by the Detonation Spraying Method

This paper presents the results of a study of layer gradient thermal protection coatings based on NiCrAlY and YSZ obtained by detonation spraying. Modern gas turbines and high-temperature units operate under extreme temperatures and aggressive environments, which requires effective protection of components from wear, corrosion, and thermal shocks. In this study, the use of layer gradient coatings consisting of alternating layers of NiCrAlY and YSZ was investigated with the aim of solving the problem of thermal stress accumulation due to a smooth change in the composition of the layers. Microstructural and phase analysis showed that alternating layers of NiCrAlY and YSZ formed a dense layer gradient structure with clear interphase boundaries and low porosity. Detonation spraying led to a complete transformation of the monoclinic ZrO2 phase into a tetragonal one, which significantly increased the mechanical strength of the coating and its resistance to thermal shocks. Sample 1D1 demonstrated excellent tribological and corrosion properties in a 3.5% NaCl solution, which can be explained by its higher density and reduced number of pores. Mechanical tests revealed stable values of hardness and wear resistance of the coating, especially for the 1D1 coating. Studies have shown that coatings are resistant to thermal shocks, but thicker layers show a tendency to peel off after thermal cycling. The obtained results indicate high prospects for the use of layer gradient coatings based on NiCrAlY and YSZ for the protection of gas turbine components and other high-temperature installations operating under extreme loads and aggressive environments. © 2024 by the authors.

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4.        

Influence of Detonation Spraying Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings Sagdoldina, Zhuldyz  Sagdoldina Z.; Kot, Marcin c Kot M.; Baizhan, Daryn a, Baizhan D.; Buitkenov, Dastan Buitkenov D.; Sulyubayeva, Laila

Influence of Detonation Spraying Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings

The process of osteointegration depends significantly on the surface roughness, structure, chemical composition, and mechanical characteristics of the coating. In this regard, an important direction in the development of medical materials is the development of new techniques of surface modification and the creation of bioactive ceramic coatings. Calcium-phosphate materials based on hydroxyapatite have been proposed as bioactive ceramic coatings on titanium implants for the effective acceleration of bone tissue healing. To obtain bioactive ceramic coatings, pulse power sources are best suited, namely detonation spraying, in which the energy of the explosion of gas mixtures is used as a source of pulse action. The pulse mode of operation in the detonation spraying method is preferable for the formation of bioactive ceramic coatings. It provides a high velocity of hydroxyapatite particles, which promotes their effective fixation on the titanium substrate, while minimizing the heating of the material. This approach preserves the substrate structure and improves the coating adhesion. Four different types of coatings with varying O2/C2H2 molar ratios, ranging from 2.6 to 3.7, were obtained using detonation spraying. Powders and obtained coatings of hydroxyapatite were studied by Raman spectroscopy and XRD structural analysis. The results of XRD phase analysis showed the partial conversion of the hydroxyapatite phase to the α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) phase during the detonation spraying process. The results obtained by Raman spectroscopy indicate that hydroxyapatite is the main phase in coatings. All hydroxyapatite-based coatings exhibited hydrophobic properties, which was confirmed by contact-angle values above 90° in wettability tests, characteristic of hydrophobic surfaces. The adhesive strength of the coatings was measured by the scratch test method. Tribological tests were conducted using the ball-on-disk method under both dry conditions and in Ringer’s solution. This approach enabled the evaluation of wear resistance and friction coefficient of the coatings in different environments, simulating both lubrication-free conditions and those resembling physiological environments. © 2024 by the authors.

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5.        

Mombek, Aliya Mombek A.; Baymuhambetova, Botagoz  Baymuhambetova B.; Kulmanova, Sholpan Kulmanova S.; Kolesnikova, Galina d Kolesnikova G.; Kuzbakova, Gulnara e Kuzbakova G.; Suleimenova, BotaSuleimenova B.; Tauyekel, Samal g Tauyekel S.; Nauryzbayeva, Elmira h

Innovative Approaches to Higher Education: Blended Learning in Kazakhstan

The research problem is based on the study of the possibilities of expanding methodological approaches, educational technologies, and educational programs for the implementation of blended learning and increasing the level of its effectiveness in the educational system of Kazakhstan. This study aims to identify the best conditions for implementing blended learning that would meet the technical capabilities of the university, the educational programs, and the interests and needs of all participants of the educational process. For this, the following data collection methods were used: Online surveys, quantitative and qualitative analyses, and facilitation tools, such as World Café, Future Search, ranking, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. The results show that more than half of the students (58%) and teachers (65%) were not satisfied with the existing structure of blended learning at the university. This research suggests involving all participants in the educating process when adopting the blended mode of learning to enhance the efficacy of the blended learning program. The practical significance of this research lies in its determination of the optimal conditions for implementing blended learning in the university programs of Kazakhstan. The engagement of all stakeholders in the Learning pathway in decision-making regarding hybrid education, taking into account the technical capabilities of universities and the individual needs of students and instructors, aims not only to address current issues but also to enhance the quality of education and prepare graduates to meet the demands of the contemporary labor market. Such an approach to research and innovation implementation in Kazakhstan’s education could foster the development of more flexible, adaptive, and effective educational systems that meet the requirements of the modern world. © 2024, Modern Education and Computer Science Press. All rights reserved.

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6.        

Satbayeva, Zarina Satbayeva Z.; Maulit, Almasbek a, b Maulit A.; Ispulov, Nurlybek c Ispulov N.; Baizhan, Daryn Baizhan D.; Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov B.; Kusainov, Rinat b

Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement

This article analyzes the effect of electrolytic plasma nitriding on the performance of medium-carbon steel 45 under increased mechanical loads and in aggressive environments. Nitrided samples in carbamide electrolytes, both with and without the addition of ammonium nitrate, were compared to the initial material. SEM with EDX and XRD analysis was used to examine the microstructure and phase composition of nitrided samples. Wear resistance was studied using the ‘ball-on-disk’ method and Vickers microhardness testing, while corrosion resistance was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves. The study results show that the sample without ammonium nitrate demonstrated better mechanical and corrosion properties due to a more homogeneous and denser nitride layer, approximately 10 µm thick, containing phases FeN and Fe4N. Its wear resistance doubled compared to that of the initial sample. The sample treated in an electrolyte with the addition of ammonium nitrate demonstrated a higher current density (2.8672 × 10−5 A/cm2) and a lower corrosion potential (−0.565 V) compared to the initial sample (i_corr = 1.8971 × 10⁻5 A/cm2, E_corr = −0.480 V) and the sample without ammonium nitrate (i_corr = 1.7315 × 10−5 A/cm2, E_corr = −0.376 V). This is due to the formation of an uneven nitride layer and the presence of microcracks on the surface.

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7.        

Prokhorenkova, Nadezhda Prokhorenkova N.; Zhilkashinova, Almira Zhilkashinova A.; Abilev, Madi Abilev M.; Ocheredko, Igor Ocheredko I.; Pavlov, Alexandr a Pavlov A.; Mussabekova, Altynay b Mussabekova A.; Kuanyshbekov, Tilek c Kuanyshbekov T.; Zhilkashinova, Assel

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Microwave-Absorbing Co-C Coatings Obtained by Magnetron Sputtering

This article is devoted to the study of microwave-absorbing properties of Co-C coating applied by magnetron sputtering. This article presents the main results of the manufacturing of a Co-C coating by magnetron sputtering, and the evaluation of experimental and computational research data on the relationship between the structure and properties of the obtained films. The structure of Co-C systems has been modeled to control the resulting structures using X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural-phase state of the resulting thin-film Co-C systems and the microwave-absorbing properties of coatings were studied using the transmission line method, consisting of a vector network analyzer, an air coaxial line, a software program, and an external computer. It has been established that on the resulting Co-C film the reflection coefficient in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz varies in the range of 900 → 718 mU, with reflection losses of −0.86 → −2.57 dB, and a standing wave coefficient of 19 → 6.8. An analysis of the obtained data indicates the presence of losses of electromagnetic energy in the studied frequency range. © 2024 by the authors.

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8.        

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan a Rakhadilov B.; Muktanova, Nazerke b, c Muktanova N.; Seitkhanova, Ainur d, e Seitkhanova A.; Kakimzhanov, Dauir b, c Kakimzhanov D.; Dautbekov, Merkhat b, c Dautbekov M.

Investigation of the Influence of the Oxygen Flow Rate on the Mechanical, Structural and Operational Properties of 86WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings, as Determined Using the High-Velocity Oxyfuel Spraying Method

The structural-phase composition and tribological and performance properties of coatings based on an 86WC-10Co-4Cr composition obtained by the HVOF method at varying (150 L/min, 170 L/min, 190 L/min) oxygen flow rates were studied. The results showed that the coefficient of friction of coatings in gear oil remained almost unchanged with the variation in oxygen flow rate. However, microhardness increased significantly with an increasing oxygen flow rate, reaching a maximum at 190 L/min. An increasing oxygen flow rate was also accompanied by an increase in roughness and coating thickness, with a decrease in porosity, particularly notable at 190 L/min. Adhesion strength reached the maximum values for the A2 and A3 coatings under high loads. The phase composition of the coatings included WC, W2C and CoO phases irrespective of the oxygen flow rate, and their microstructure was characterized by a more homogeneous and dense structure. Thus, this study confirmed that the optimal oxygen flow rate for achieving an improved performance and tribological characteristics of 86WC-10Co-4Cr coatings is 190 L/min.

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9.        

Zhilkashinova, Almira a Zhilkashinova A.; Ocheredko, Igor

Ocheredko I.; Azamatov, Bagdat Azamatov B.; Nurbaev, Mergen Nurbaev M.; Dogadkin, Dmitry  Dogadkin D.; Abilev, Madi

Modeling and Comparison of Design Features of Pendulum and Radial Micro-Hydropower Plants Considering the Influence of Variable Design Parameters

This article provides a comparative analysis of pendulum and radial micro-hydropower plants. The novelty of this study lies in the comparative analysis of units that are fundamentally different in design to achieve the most rational option for low-speed rivers. It has been established that a pendulum micro-hydropower plant has a high torque with relatively small dimensions but operates cyclically. At a diameter of 1 m and a blade area of 0.3 m2, the peak torque was 140 N·m. At the same time, the design is sensitive to the blade area and at 0.6 m2 and a lever length of 1.5 m, the torque reached 430 N·m. A radial micro-hydropower plant has lower torque but operates constantly. At an area of 1.23 m2 and a diameter of 1 m, the torque was 40.4 N·m. Accordingly, in terms of specific area with a diameter of 1 m, a pendulum micro-hydropower plant has up to 12 times more torque. It has been established that the pendulum hydropower plant best satisfies the requirements for converting a low river speed into high revolutions of a current generator. © 2024 by the authors.

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10.     

Bykov, Artem a  Bykov A.; Surzhik, Dmitry Surzhik D.; Kassenova, Leila c Kassenova L.; Abzhanova, Ainagul d Abzhanova A.; Svirina, Anastasia e Svirina A.; Imanzhanova, Kulbarchin f

Control and Analysis of Layered Soil Structure to Ensure Railway Roadbed Stability

This article discusses a method for analyzing the layered structure of soil using the phase-metric method of geoelectric monitoring to ensure the reliability of a railway track. The importance of monitoring soil layers for timely detection of changes that may affect the stability and safety of railway tracks is emphasized. The use of geophysical monitoring methods, such as phase monitoring of the geoelectric signals, allows us to optimize measures to strengthen the roadway and increase its durability. The present article describes laboratory experiments in which a specialized setup was created to simulate the process of drilling through various soil layers. Geoelectric methods involving the registration of phase characteristics of the electromagnetic field were used in an experimental setup. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the phase-metric method for determining the characteristics of the layered structure of the soil. The results showed that the change in the phase of the signal recorded at the receiving electrodes can be used to identify different soil layers with different electrical characteristics, such as moisture and density. The method of modeling the physical and geological environment using equivalent circuits of elements in the form of a dielectric made it possible to more accurately analyze the electrical properties of the soil. Based on the obtained data, an automatic monitoring system was developed using recurrent neural networks (RNNs), in particular long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, for automatic detection of bends and transitions in signal time series. Evaluation of the model’s effectiveness showed high accuracy in identifying layers, which contributes to increasing the reliability and efficiency of monitoring the condition of the railway track.

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11.     

Kuanyshbekov, Tilek a, b Kuanyshbekov T.; Akatan, Kydyrmolla a Akatan K.; Guseinov, Nazim b, c Guseinov N.; Nemkaeva, Renata c Nemkaeva R.; Kurbanova, Bayan d Kurbanova B.; Tolepov, Zhandos b,  Tolepov Z.; Tulegenova, Malika b, c Tulegenova M.; Kabdrakhmanova, Sana e Kabdrakhmanova S.; Zhilkashinova, Almira a Zhilkashinova A.

Renewable Resources as Promising Materials for Obtaining Graphene Oxide-like Structures

Currently, one of the topical directions in the field of production and application of graphene-like nanostructures is the use of renewable natural raw materials, which have unlimited resources for an economically efficient large-scale yield of a product with environmental safety. In this regard, we present the production of graphene oxide (GO) from a renewable natural raw material of plant biomass, birch activated carbon (BAC), and a comparison of the obtained physicochemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of birch activated carbon–graphene oxide (BAC–GO) and graphite–graphene oxide (G–GO) synthesized from the initial materials, BAC and graphite (G). Results obtained from this study confirm the successful oxidation of BAC, which correlates well with the physical–chemical dates of the G–GO and BAC–GO samples. Change in data after the oxidation of graphite and BAC was facilitated by the structure of the starting materials and, presumably, the location and content of functional oxygen-containing groups in the G–GO and BAC–GO chains. Based on the results, the application of a cost-effective, eco-friendly colloidal solution of nanodispersed BAC–GO from a plant biomass-based high-quality resource for producing large-scale nanostructured graphene is validated which has potential applicability in nanoelectronics, medicine, and other fields

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12.     

Alimbekova, Nurlana B. a Alimbekova N.B.; Bakishev, Aybek K. a Bakishev A.K.; Berdyshev, Abdumauvlen S. Berdyshev A.S.

STUDY ON THE INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR A FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH A FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE OF VARIABLE ORDER

This article studies the convergence of a numerical method for solving an initial-boundary value problem of a fractional differential equation with a variable order of the fractional derivative. In the generalized fractional differential filtration equation with a transitional filtration law in heterogeneous porous media, it is assumed that the order of the fractional derivative depends on the spatial variable. The main attention is paid to the development and theoretical justification of a method that provides high accuracy and efficiency of calculations with a variable order of the fractional derivative. For the numerical solution, an approximation was developed that combines the finite difference method for the time derivative and the finite element method for the spatial variable. The fractional derivative of variable order in the sense of Caputo is approximated by a formula of second order in time. The convergence of the constructed method is proven with order O(τ2 + hk+1) for the case α (x) ∈ (0, 1). The results of computational experiments for various functions of the order of the fractional derivative are presented, confirming the reliability of the theoretical analysis. The conclusions drawn emphasize the importance and relevance of the further development of numerical methods for fractional differential equations of variable order in modern mathematics and applied sciences, including the modeling of complex processes. © 2024 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University.

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13.     

Satbayeva, Zarina a Satbayeva Z.; Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan b Rakhadilov B.; Turar, Zhangabay a Turar Z.; Berdimuratov, Nurbol b Berdimuratov N.; Baizhan, Daryn b Baizhan D.; Maulit, Almasbek b

Surface Modification of Chromium–Nickel Steel by Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding Method

Electrolytic plasma nitriding is an attractive chemical heat treatment used to improve the surface properties of steel by implementing nitrogen saturation. This method is widely applied to steel and iron-based alloys operating under various operating conditions. In this work, using liquid-phase plasma nitriding technology, a nitrided layer was obtained on the surface of 40CrNi steel in electrolytes of different concentrations. The microstructure and phase composition of the nitrided layer were investigated and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and we performed Vickers hardness and wear resistance tests using the ball-on-disc method. The microhardness and wear resistance of nitrided 40CrNi steel were significantly improved due to the lubricating properties of the ε-Fe2N phase formed on its surface. © 2024 by the authors.

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14.     

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan a, b Rakhadilov B.; Magazov, Nurtoleu c Magazov N.; Kakimzhanov, Dauir b Kakimzhanov D.; Apsezhanova, Akbota c, d Apsezhanova A.; Molbossynov, Yermakhan b, c Molbossynov Y.; Kengesbekov, Aidar c, e Kengesbekov A.

Influence of Spraying Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Steel Coatings Produced by Arc Spraying Method

Arc spraying is one of the most effective and cost-efficient thermal spraying technologies for creating high-quality protective coatings. This paper examines the influence of arc spraying process parameters on the properties of steel coatings. The parameters varied in this study included gas pressure, wire feed rate, and the distance from the spray gun to the substrate (standoff distance). Experimental evaluations focused on surface roughness, thickness, porosity, structure, and hardness of the coatings. The techniques used for these evaluations included profilometry for roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural analysis, Vickers hardness testing, and optical microscopy. The results demonstrate a significant influence of arc spraying parameters on the characteristics of the resulting coatings. The analysis revealed that the coatings produced under different modes exhibit a layered structure and vary in thickness. A detailed examination of the coating structure identified defects such as unmelted particles, voids, and delamination in the interface zone. The study of coating thickness and porosity showed that increasing the wire feed rate and decreasing the standoff distance leads to the formation of thicker and denser coatings. Specifically, increasing the wire feed rate from 2 to 12 cm/s resulted in a decrease in porosity from 12.59% to 4.33% and an increase in coating thickness to 699 μm. The surface analysis highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to selecting the optimal roughness. While increasing the wire feed rate up to 12 cm/s can increase the Ra roughness parameter, gas pressure also significantly influences this parameter, reducing roughness from Ra = 18.63 μm at 6 MPa to Ra = 15.95 μm at 8 MPa. Additionally, it was found that varying the arc spraying parameters affects the hardness of the coatings, with all modes resulting in hardness values higher than that of the substrate. Therefore, optimizing these parameters enables the achievement of the best combination of mechanical and structural properties in the coatings. These findings can be valuable for further improvement of arc spraying technologies and the expansion of their application across various industries.

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15.     

Yensenov, Kanat A. a Yensenov K.A.; Karassayev, Ganiy M. a; Aktailak, Bakytzhan B. a; Shurshitbay, Beibitgul Sh

The Development of Kazakh Elders and Biys Roles in Russian Empire Administration Structure (XIX century)

The Kazakh Khanate was abolished and new administrative institutions were established in its stead as a result of the political and administrative reforms carried out by the Tsarist Russian Empire in 1822 and 1824. Senior Sultanate, Volost, and Senior Power institutions started to take the place of the former Khanate power in the Kazakh steppes. In the Russian Empire, the post-Tsarist structures served as the governing Senate, Governors-general, and in western Siberia, the Omsk Governor-General established new district orders in the Order of Kokshetau, Karkaraly in 1824, Ayagoz external district in 1832, Bayanaul external district in 1833, Kokpekty external district in 1844. Following the dissolution of the Khanate, several regions of the Kazakh territory were governed by powerful Sultans. And there were villages and Volosts in every one of them. They had foremen and volosts in charge. Following the 1824 reform, the Khanate authority in the minor zhuz was dissolved and split into Eastern, Central, and Western regions in accordance with the “Charter of the Orenburg Kazakhs”. He had three different senior Sultans appointed to him. The Bokei Horde originated in the western part of the Kazakh steppe. In the Kazakh steppe, the senior Sultan, volosts, and elders were chosen in conjunction with this administrative management overhaul. They worked in the Russian Empire’s administrative system. Information on the judges’ and elders’ activity during that era is kept in Russia’s archive funds. Generally speaking, it is evident that the institution of judges and elders should be given careful consideration as a subject of specialized research. Consequently, data from several archives in Kazakhstan and Russia as well as literature in global historiography were used in scientific circulation for the purpose of carrying out study. Copyright © 2024 by Cherkas Global University.

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16.     

Kurbanbekov, Sherzod a, b Kurbanbekov S.; Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan c Rakhadilov B.; Kakimzhanov, Dauir d Kakimzhanov D.; Seitov, Bekbolat a Seitov B.; Katpaeva, Karakoz a Katpaeva K.; Kurmantayev, Abil a, e Kurmantayev A.; Dautbekov, Merkhat d Dautbekov M.; Kengesbekov, Aidar f Kengesbekov A.

Research on the Structural–Phase and Physical–Mechanical Characteristics of the Cr3C2-NiCr Composite Coating Deposited by the HVOF Method on E110 Zirconium Alloy

Composite coatings based on chromium carbide (Cr3C2) and nickel–chromium alloys (NiCr) are widely used due to their unique properties, including high heat resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. This article studies the structural–phase and physical–mechanical characteristics of Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings applied by high-velocity oxygen fuel to E110 zirconium alloy. The HVOF method was chosen to create coatings with high adhesion to the substrate and excellent performance properties. Analysis of the microstructure of the cross-section showed the thickness of the modified surface layer from 75 to 110 μm, depending on the processing modes. Energy dispersive X-ray spectral analysis revealed the presence of elements Cr, Ni, C and O in the coating composition. Structural–phase analysis confirmed the formation of coatings with a high concentration of Cr3C2 carbide particles and NiCr (nickel–chromium) phases. The resulting composite coatings based on Cr3C2-NiCr had a significantly high microhardness, ranging from HV 1190 to HV 1280, and the friction coefficient varied in a significant range from 0.679 to 0.502 depending on the processing conditions. The maximum adhesion strength was 9.19 MPa per square centimeter.

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17.     

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan a, b Rakhadilov B.; Kakimzhanov, Dauir b, c Kakimzhanov D.; Seitkhanova, Ainur d, e Seitkhanova A.; Kengesbekov, Aidar c, f Kengesbekov A.; Muktanova, Nazerke b, c Muktanova N.

The Influence of Distance Pulsed Plasma Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Detonation Coatings from Eutectic Alloy Fe-TiB2-CrB2

This work presents the results of research on the effect of a pulsed plasma treatment on the structure, phase composition, hardness, roughness, and elemental composition of Fe-TiB2-CrB2-based coatings. The Fe-TiB2-CrB2 coating was applied via the detonation method. Fe-TiB2-CrB2 powder mixtures were used for coating on AISI 1017 steel substrate with the coating surface being modified using a pulsed plasma treatment. The effects of the pulsed plasma treatment on the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of Fe-TiB2-CrB2 detonation coatings were investigated using an optical microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a nanohardness tester, and a Leica 3D profilometer. The mechanical test results showed that the hardness of the Fe-TiB2-CrB2 coating increased from 8.22 Gpa to 15.6 GPa after the pulsed plasma treatment. The results of the tribological tests show that after the pulsed plasma treatment of Fe-TiB2-CrB2 coatings, a wear-resistant modified layer consisting of (Ti,Cr)B2 and alpha-Fe formed on its surface. It is determined that the surface modified coating layer has a low porosity compared to the coating base. In addition, it is determined that after the pulsed plasma treatment, a decrease in the average pore size is observed in the subsurface layer of the coating. The pulsed plasma treatment resulted in a decrease in the roughness parameter (Ra) from 12.2 μm to 6.6 μm, which is due to the melting of protruding particles.

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18.     

Baishemirov, Zharasbek a, b, c, Baishemirov Z.; Berdyshev, Abdumauvlen a, Berdyshev A.; Baigereyev, Dossan c, e Baigereyev D.; Boranbek, Kulzhamila e Boranbek K.

Efficient Numerical Implementation of the Time-Fractional Stochastic Stokes–Darcy Model

This paper presents an efficient numerical method for the fractional-order generalization of the stochastic Stokes–Darcy model, which finds application in various engineering, biomedical and environmental problems involving interaction between free fluid flow and flows in porous media. Unlike the classical model, this model allows taking into account the hereditary properties of the process under uncertainty conditions. The proposed numerical method is based on the combined use of the sparse grid stochastic collocation method, finite element/finite difference discretization, a fast numerical algorithm for computing the Caputo fractional derivative, and a cost-effective ensemble strategy. The hydraulic conductivity tensor is assumed to be uncertain in this problem, which is modeled by the reduced Karhunen–Loève expansion. The stability and convergence of the deterministic numerical method have been rigorously proved and validated by numerical tests. Utilizing the ensemble strategy allowed us to solve the deterministic problem once for all samples of the hydraulic conductivity tensor, rather than solving it separately for each sample. The use of the algorithm for computing the fractional derivatives significantly reduced both computational cost and memory usage. This study also analyzes the influence of fractional derivatives on the fluid flow process within the fractional-order Stokes–Darcy model under uncertainty conditions.

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19.     

Alimbekova, Nurlana a Alimbekova N.; Berdyshev, Abdumauvlen b Berdyshev A.; Madiyarov, Muratkan a Madiyarov M.; Yergaliyev, Yerlan a Yergaliyev Y.

Finite Element Method for a Fractional-Order Filtration Equation with a Transient Filtration Law

In this article, a numerical method is proposed and investigated for an initial boundary value problem governed by a fractional differential generalization of the nonlinear transient filtration law which describes fluid motion in a porous medium. This type of equation is widely used to describe complex filtration processes such as fluid movement in horizontal wells in fractured geological formations. To construct the numerical method, a high-order approximation formula for the fractional derivative in the sense of Caputo is applied, and a combination of the finite difference method with the finite element method is used. The article proves the uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the input data in differential form, as well as the stability and convergence of the proposed numerical scheme. The linearization of nonlinear terms is carried out by the Newton method, which allows for achieving high accuracy in solving complex problems. The research results are confirmed by a series of numerical tests that demonstrate the applicability of the developed method in real engineering problems. The practical significance of the presented approach lies in its ability to accurately and effectively model filtration processes in shale formations, which allows engineers and geologists to make more informed decisions when designing and operating oil fields.

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20.     

Bаib`atyrov, Torebek a Bаib`atyrov T.; Zhienbayeva, Saule b; Abuova, Altynai c; Umbetbekov, Askhat c; Kenzhekhodzhaev, Mahamedkali d; Mazhit, Zhamilya b; Mukazhanova, Zhazira e; Sanyazova, Shynar e

Substantiation of optimal parameters of rapeseed cake extrusion process

The inclusion of rapeseed products in animal and poultry feeds is hindered by the presence of low-nutrient compounds like erucic acid, glucosinolates, tannins, and phytic acid, which can be harmful and reduce overall productivity. This study investigates the variability of glucosinolate content in rapeseed due to growing conditions and evaluates the impact of replacing traditional meals with rapeseed meal in animal feeds. Despite mixed results, the research highlights the potential of double-zero varieties of rapeseed and turnip rape oil in the food and feed industry. The study emphasizes the necessity of removing weed impurities and reducing fiber content to obtain high-quality rapeseed meal. Various processing methods, particularly extrusion, have been explored to enhance digestibility and reduce harmful substances. The findings demonstrate that extrusion effectively decreases glucosinolate and erucic acid content, while maintaining protein levels, making rapeseed meal a promising and cost-effective alternative to soybean and sunflower meals for broiler chicken feed.

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21.     

Buitkenov, Dastan a Buitkenov D.; Nabioldina, Aiym a Nabioldina A.; Raisov, Nurmakhanbet Raisov N.

Development of Method for Applying Multilayer Gradient Thermal Protective Coatings Using Detonation Spraying

In this work, multilayer gradient coatings obtained by detonation spraying were studied. To obtain a multilayer gradient coating by detonation spraying, two modes with different numbers of shots of NiCrAlY and YSZ were developed. The presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of creating a gradient structure in coatings, ensuring a smooth transition from metal to ceramic materials. Morphological analysis of the coatings confirmed a layered gradient structure, consisting of a lower metallic (NiCrAlY) layer and an upper ceramic (YSZ) layer. The variation in the contents of elements along the thickness of the coatings indicates the formation of a gradient structure. X-ray analysis shows that all peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns correspond to a single ZrO2 phase, indicating the formation of a non-transformable tetragonal primary (t′) phase characteristic of the thermal protective coatings. This phase is known for its stability and resistance to phase transformation under changing operating temperature conditions. As the thickness of the coatings increased, an improvement in their mechanical characteristics was found, such as a decrease in the coefficient of friction, an increase in hardness, and an increase in surface roughness. These properties make such coatings more resistant to mechanical wear, especially under sliding conditions, which confirms their prospects for use in a variety of engineering applications, including aerospace and power generation.

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22.     

Nugumanova, Aliya a Nugumanova A.; Alzhanov, Almas a Alzhanov A.; Mansurova, Aiganym a; Rakhymbek, Kamilla b Rakhymbek K.; Baiburin, Yerzhan

Semantic Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Term Extraction

This study introduces an unsupervised term extraction approach that combines non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) with word embeddings. Inspired by a pioneering semantic NMF method that employs regularization to jointly optimize document–word and word–word matrix factorizations for document clustering, we adapt this strategy for term extraction. Typically, a word–word matrix representing semantic relationships between words is constructed using cosine similarities between word embeddings. However, it has been established that transformer encoder embeddings tend to reside within a narrow cone, leading to consistently high cosine similarities between words. To address this issue, we replace the conventional word–word matrix with a word–seed submatrix, restricting columns to ‘domain seeds’—specific words that encapsulate the essential semantic features of the domain. Therefore, we propose a modified NMF framework that jointly factorizes the document–word and word–seed matrices, producing more precise encoding vectors for words, which we utilize to extract high-relevancy topic-related terms. Our modification significantly improves term extraction effectiveness, marking the first implementation of semantically enhanced NMF, designed specifically for the task of term extraction. Comparative experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms both traditional NMF and advanced transformer-based methods such as KeyBERT and BERTopic. To support further research and application, we compile and manually annotate two new datasets, each containing 1000 sentences, from the ‘Geography and History’ and ‘National Heroes’ domains. These datasets are useful for both term extraction and document classification tasks. All related code and datasets are freely available.

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23.     

Bazarova, Madina a Bazarova M.; Alibekkyzy, Karlygash b Alibekkyzy K.; Adikanova, Saltanat a Adikanova S.; Bugubayeva, Alina c Bugubayeva A.; Zhomartkyzy, Gulnaz b Zhomartkyzy G.; Jaxalykova, Akmaral a Jaxalykova A.; Baidildina, Aizhan d Baidildina A.; Keribayeva, Talshyn e Keribayeva T.

Ontological model of the process of intensification of teachers’ competencies

Currently, there is a need to improve the education system and develop interdisciplinary research at all levels of education, from school to postgraduate education. The introduction of interdisciplinary connections contributes to the formation of a holistic understanding of natural phenomena and the connections between them. Thus, this knowledge becomes more meaningful and applicable in practice. This article proposes a conceptual model of the content of education in the form of a thesaurus and ontology. The use of these models will allow you to adaptively select and systematize educational information. The article also discusses the possibilities and experience of using ontological modeling and engineering for the conceptual description of school and higher education. In addition, the article discusses the development of an ontological model of the process of expanding teachers’ competencies with the integration of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. The use of ontological engineering methods will improve the quality of teacher education through the semantic description of knowledge in the subject area and the use of interdisciplinary and STEM approaches in the educational process.

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24.     

Tursynbayev, Olzhas a Tursynbayev O.; Ybyraimzhanov, Kalibek b Ybyraimzhanov K.; Bekish, Azamat c Bekish A.; Nurman, Sholpan d Nurman S.; Aubakirova, Assem d Aubakirova A.

Education in Kazakhstan in The Post-War Years

Aim. The purpose of the study was to study approaches to the resumption of an effective educational process in the Kazakh SSR after the end of the World War II. The study of the approaches to restoration and improvement of the educational system in post-war Kazakhstan is relevant in today’s conditions, when the educational environment of Kazakhstan faces a number of challenges that require its reform. Methods. Various research methods were used in the scientific work, in particular, analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalisation. Results and conclusion. As a result, the state of the educational environment in Kazakhstan was studied immediately after the end of the war. The approaches of state bodies to the regulation of educational public relations are considered, taking into account the conditions of that time. There was a significant increase in the number of schools and other educational institutions, which contributed to the development of educational infrastructure. It is proved that the priority specialties for the state were those that contributed to the implementation of construction and economic activities. Based on this, it was possible to reveal the main advantages in reforming education, which contributed to improving the quality of knowledge in schools, universities and technical schools. Cognitive value. The value of the results obtained is both scientific and practical. Accordingly, the first provides a deepening of knowledge regarding the historical process of the formation of the educational environment in Kazakhstan, and the second allows us to determine the most effective ways to revive education in society.

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25.     

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan a Rakhadilov B.; Muktanova, Nazerke b, c Muktanova N.; Kakimzhanov, Dauir b, c Kakimzhanov D.; Satbayeva, Zarina c Satbayeva Z.; Kassenova, Leila d Kassenova L.; Magazov, Nurtoleu b, e Magazov N.

Investigation of the Influence of Powder Fraction on Tribological and Corrosion Characteristics of 86WC-10Co-4Cr Coating Obtained by HVOF Method

Samples using powders of four different fractions, 15–20 μm, 20–30 μm, 30–40 μm and 40–45 μm, were fabricated to investigate the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of the 86WC-10Co-4Cr coating obtained using the HVOF method. The phase composition, microstructure and elemental distribution were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The hardness was measured on a Vickers microhardness tester, the friction coefficient and wear rate were investigated using a tribometer, and the corrosion resistance was evaluated on an electrochemical corrosion station. The results showed that the cross-sectional microstructure of the coating is mainly represented by multifaceted WC crystals embedded in the Co-Cr matrix and the presence of lower tungsten carbides, particularly W2C. The 15–20 μm fraction particles were subjected to superheating, contributing to the decarburization process. The 20–30 µm and 30–40 µm sized particles prevented overheating and had a more homogeneous structure. The 40–45 µm powder fractions did not reach sufficient temperature for complete melting, resulting in the formation of pores in the coating layers. The phase composition of the coatings included WC, W2C and CoO phases. According to the results of the study, it was found that the optimal powder fraction for coating the 86WC-10Co-4Cr composition with improved characteristics is the fraction of the 20–30 µm sized particles.

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26.     

Abdykerimova, Lazzat a Abdykerimova L.; Abdikerimova, Gulzira b, i Abdikerimova G.; Konyrkhanova, Assem c Konyrkhanova A.; Nurova, Gulsara d Nurova G.; Bazarova, Madina e Bazarova M.; Bersugir, Mukhamedi f Bersugir M.; Kaldarova, Mira g Kaldarova M.; Yerzhanova, Akbota h

Analysis of the emotional coloring of text using machine and deep learning methods

The presented scientific article is a comprehensive study of machine learning and deep learning methods in the context of emotion recognition in text data. The main goal of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and comparison of various machine learning and deep learning methods to classify emotions in text. During the work, special attention was paid to the analysis of traditional machine learning algorithms, such as multinomial naive Bayes (MNB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM), as well as the use of deep learning methods based on long short-term memory (LSTM). The experimental part of the study involves the analysis of different data sets covering a variety of text styles and contexts. The experimental results are analyzed in detail, identifying the advantages and limitations of each method. The article provides practical recommendations for choosing the optimal method depending on the specific tasks and context of the application. The data obtained is important for the development of intelligent systems that can effectively adapt to the emotional aspects of interaction with users. Overall, this work makes a significant contribution to the field of emotion recognition in text and provides a basis for further research in this area. © 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

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27.     

Baigereyev, Dossan a, b Baigereyev D.; Kasenov, Syrym Kasenov S.; Temirbekova, Laura a, d

Empowering geological data analysis with specialized software GIS modules

This research is devoted to the development of a geographic information system (GIS) for the analysis of geological data. It presents two specialized software modules designed to solve complex geological problems related to potential progress to disturbed masses and magnetotelluric sounding. These modules are integrated into the QGIS environment, offering efficient data processing and analysis capabilities, contributing to a deeper understanding of geological structures. The study presents a mathematical model for the problem of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) and the continuation of potentials towards the perturbed masses, demonstrating numerical results using the developed algorithm. To confirm the accuracy of the model, a comparative analysis was carried out with empirical data for various chemical elements, which showed high accuracy, especially at shallow depths, with an error rate of less than 2%. In addition, the study highlights the importance of powerful GIS for the analysis and interpretation of geological data, including geochemical, geophysical and remote sensing information. The advanced functionality of QGIS simplifies data processing and visualization, which makes it an invaluable tool for geologists and researchers. © 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.

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28.     

Umbetova, Sholpan a Umbetova S.; Abylkassova, Gulzhan b; Spitsov, Dmitriy

Comparative study of wastewater treatment efficiency: ozone vs. atmospheric oxygen with a manganese dioxide catalyst

This study aims to validate the wastewater treatment technique and compare the effectiveness of applying an ozone mixture and atmospheric oxygen in the presence of a catalyst (manganese dioxide) with various dosages. A total of 540 replicates were performed, corresponding to different levels of manganese dioxide concentrations during oxygen and ozone delivery (270 repetitions for each of the experiments). The research was carried out using an experimental setup developed by the authors. The maximum efficiency of oxidation processes was observed within 15–30 min after the start of the treatment cycle. The decrease in the level of chemical oxygen demand within the first quarter-hour during ozone treatment was significantly greater compared to atmospheric oxygen treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The method’s efficiency increased to 53% for ozone and 41% for oxygen after 30 min of purification (p ≤ 0.05). Lower catalyst consumption was observed when using an ozone mixture. The tested technology can be recommended for wastewater treatment with high hydrocarbon concentrations. The findings of the study indicated the potential application of ozone treatment with a manganese catalyst for treating waste-water with high hydrocarbon content, thereby fostering the development of more effective water purification methods in the industrial sector.

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29.     

Alqodsi, Enas Mohammed a Alqodsi E.M.; Serebrennikova, Anna b; Orsayeva, Raissa c

The Role of Judicial Discretion in Commercial Disputes: Penalty Clause Issues

Nowadays, many problems caused by the imperfection of the legislation exist in applying the penalty clause category in commercial contracts. Many of them stem from belonging to different legal systems. With varying understandings of penalty clauses across jurisdictions and an uncertainty element in the inclusion of a penalty clause in contracts, the role of judicial discretion in resolving a dispute often becomes the deciding factor in dispute resolution. This research paper analyzes current trends related to judicial discretion’s role in commercial disputes and the difficulties associated with implementing a penalty clause from a theoretical and legal point of view. The problem of this study is due to the existence of a number of discrepancies in the understanding of the penalty clause in different jurisdictions and an element of uncertainty when including a penalty clause in commercial contracts, as well as convergence processes in contract law. The paper considers theoretical and doctrinal approaches to understanding the penalty clause as a legal category and the role of judicial discretion in regulating penalties within contractual legal relations. In practical terms, the study interests lawyers practicing economic and corporate law.

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30.     

Reyes-Hernández, Octavio Daniel a; Figueroa-González, Gabriela b; Quintas-Granados, Laura Itzel c; Hernández-Parra, Hector d, e; Peña-Corona, Sheila I. d; Cortés, Hernán f; Kipchakbayeva, Aliya g; Mukazhanova, Zhazira h; Habtemariam, Solomon i;

New insights into the anticancer therapeutic potential of icaritin and its synthetic derivatives

Icaritin is a natural prenylated flavonoid derived from the Chinese herb Epimedium. The compound has shown antitumor effects in various cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Icaritin exerts its anticancer activity by modulating multiple signaling pathways, such as IL-6/JAK/STAT3, ER-α36, and NF-κB, affecting the tumor microenvironment and immune system. Several clinical trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of icaritin in advanced HCC patients with poor prognoses, who are unsuitable for conventional therapies. The results have demonstrated that icaritin can improve survival, delay progression, and produce clinical benefits in these patients, with a favorable safety profile and minimal adverse events. Moreover, icaritin can enhance the antitumor immune response by regulating the function and phenotype of various immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, MDSCs, neutrophils, and macrophages. These findings suggest that icaritin is a promising candidate for immunotherapy in HCC and other cancers. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and optimal dosing regimens of icaritin and its potential synergistic effects with other agents. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the scientific literature aims to summarize advances in the knowledge of icaritin in preclinical and clinical studies as well as the pharmacokinetic, metabolism, toxicity, and mechanisms action to recognize the main challenge, gaps, and opportunities to develop a medication that cancer patients can use. Thus, our main objective was to clarify the current state of icaritin for use as an anticancer drug

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31.     

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan a Rakhadilov B.; Muktanova, Nazerke b, c Muktanova N.; Kakimzhanov, Dauir b, c Kakimzhanov D.; Adilkanova, Meruert b Adilkanova M.; Kurbanbekov, Sherzod d Kurbanbekov S.; Abdulina, Saule

Influence of Varying the Spraying Distance on the Structural-Phase State and Mechanotribological Properties of 86WC-10Co-4Cr-Based Coatings Obtained by the HVOF Method

This paper presents the results of a metallographic and tribological study of 86WC-10Co-4Cr coatings obtained by the HVOF method on the Termika-3 unit at varying spraying distances. The influence of spraying distance on the coating microstructure, phase composition, as well as mechanical and tribological properties, was studied. According to the results of the study, it was found that the optimum spraying distance for 86WC-10Co-4Cr coatings with improved wear resistance and hardness characteristics and low porosity is 300 mm.

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32.     

Mkilima, Timoth a Mkilima T.; Saspugayeva, Gulnur b; Tussupova, Zhazgul b; Kaliyeva, Gulzhan c; Dakieva, Kulzipa d; Kumarbekuly, Sanat d; Tungushbayeva, Zukhra d; Kalelova, Gulfat

Electrode material impact on microbial fuel cell and electro-Fenton systems for enhanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: A comparative study of graphite and titanium

The treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater is a complex task demanding careful consideration due to its challenging nature. Therefore, exploring more sustainable treatment methods for this particular type of wastewater is of utmost significance. This research focused on the impact of electrode materials, specifically graphite and titanium, on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and electro-Fenton systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Both graphite and titanium electrodes displayed increasing current density trends, with titanium outperforming graphite. Titanium showed superior electron transfer and current generation (2.2 to 21.2 mA/m2), while graphite ranged from 2.4 to 18.9 mA/m2. Titanium consistently exhibited higher power density, indicating better efficiency in converting current to power (0.059 to 22.68 mW/m2), compared to graphite (0.059 to 12.25 mW/m2) over the 48-h period. In removal efficiency within the MFC system alone, titanium exhibited superior performance over graphite in key parameters, including zinc (45.5% vs. 37.19%), total hardness (39.32% vs. 29.4%), and nitrates (66.87% vs. 55.8%). For the electro-Fenton system with a graphite electrode, the removal efficiency ranged from 34.1% to 87.5%, with an average efficiency of approximately 56.2%. This variability underscores fluctuations in the efficacy of the graphite electrode across diverse wastewater treatment scenarios. On the other hand, the electro-Fenton system employing a titanium electrode showed removal efficiency values ranging from 26.53% to 89.99%, with an average efficiency of about 68.4%. The titanium electrode exhibits both a comparatively higher and more consistent removal efficiency across the evaluated scenarios. On the other hand, the integrated system achieved more than 90% removal efficiency from most of the parameters. The study underscores the intricate nature of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for sustainable approaches. Practitioner Points: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and electro-Fenton were investigated for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The MFC microbial activity started to decrease after 24 h. The integrated system achieved up to 99.8% removal efficiency (RE) for total coliform bacteria. Up to 99.4% of RE was also achieved for total suspended solids (TSS). The integrated system highly improved RE of the pollutants.

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33.     

Sabyr, Aisulu a; Ramazanova, Ainur b; Koishybaiuly, Kuanysh c; Zhanibekov, Akynkozha d; Apakhayev, Nurlan d

Problems of prevention of criminal offenses related to the use of water resources in Kazakhstan

The protection of the environment and its elements is the responsibility of modern society for the possibility of its development in the future. That is why the issues of protection of this category of relations are relevant today in the legal plane. It is important to establish not only an effective mechanism for punishing the guilty but also for preventing the commission of criminal offenses against natural objects. The purpose of the study is to identify effective approaches for the prevention of crimes related to the use of water bodies. In the study, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalization, formal legal, and abstraction were applied. As a result, it was possible to determine that the current state of water bodies in Kazakhstan is deteriorating, so they may be at a crisis level in the future. In view of this, the paper investigated the composition of a criminal offense related to the illegal use of water bodies. This made it possible to determine the current position of the legislator on the regulation of this issue in the legal dimension. In addition, the methods and tools that are used in Kazakhstan to prevent the spread of this type of criminal offense were established. Based on this, their shortcomings were analyzed, and proposals were developed to improve the process of preventing such crimes. Therefore, the place of environmental crimes in the modern criminal law doctrine was determined, and international experience in preventing such offenses was considered. The practical value of the findings is the possibility of using them to develop new national strategies and programs aimed at countering crimes in the field of water use.

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34.     

Manin, Sergey a Manin S.; Sabikenov, Salahiden b Sabikenov S.; Manina, Yelena

Essence, concept, and types of national legislation in the field of information technology

The relevance of scientific work is due to the high level of development of innovative technologies in the world community, which contributes to the development of new approaches to ensuring the interests of citizens, including in the information segment. The target areas of scientific research are the disclosure of national legislation in the field of information technology in Kazakhstan. The implementation of the task set is possible due to the use of dialectical-methodological and comparative methodological approaches, system analysis, synthesis method, and others. The results of the study showed that at this stage of the formation of legislation in the field of information technology, it develops in accordance with global trends in the field of regulatory regulation of information technology and creates conditions for the liberalisation of the information and communication technology market. Some aspects of the information legislation requiring reform and improvement were also highlighted. Copyright

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35.     

Sultanova, Menslu ; Sultanov, Akylbek f; Zhangaliyeva, Yelnaz f; Zhanibekova, Gaukhar a; Ordabayeva, Mainur b; Zamanbekova, Altynshash c; Ibadildin, Nurkhat d; Primbetova, Saule e Primbetova S.

IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF THE LEVEL OF DIGITALIZATION OF BANKING SERVICES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

The object of the study is digitalization of banking services. The problem of assessing the level of digitalization of banking services in different countries is solved. The results obtained are: – classification of countries by the level of digitalization of banking services: high level (China, England), medium level (USA, Sweden, Germany, Japan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan) and low level (Spain, Italy, India, Brazil); – a reliable (R2=0.78) positive dependence of the level of digitalization of banking services on the ratio of non-cash payments to GDP and on the rating of favorable conditions for doing business was revealed; – additional competitive factors were added to the model: the positive dependence of the level of digitalization of banking services on the ratio of non-cash payments to GDP (t=3.338) and on the rating of favorable conditions for doing business (t=3.250) was confirmed. The obtained results are explained by the assumption of linear dependence of the level of digitalization of banking services, the volume of non-cash payments and Doing business rating and the construction of an econometric regression model of the dependence of the level of digitalization of banking services of a particular country on the factors affecting the development of digital technologies in the banking sector. The peculiarities of the results obtained consist in the development of a score assessment of the level of digitalization of banking services using three criteria derived from international statistics and its testing on 12 countries of different economic levels of development. The practical significance of this study is the possibility of applying the findings to increase the level of digitalization of banking services in the amount and conditions appropriate to the national economy Copyright

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36.     

Domalatov, Yerzhan g; Turginbayeva, Ardak a; Apysheva, Assel g; Azimkhan, Ardakh b; Kamali, Karlygash c; Kuangaliyeva, Tursynzada d; Kenzhin, Zhaxat e; Aidaraliyeva, Aizhamal f

IDENTIFYING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS ON GREEN ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH DIFFERENT INCOMES

The object of the study is public-private partnership projects in green energy in developing countries. The problematics of the study is based on the intersection of the current problems of improving energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of energy innovations. The problem of analyzing such projects was solved with the following results: 1. The findings of the study indicate the importance of country income as a factor influencing investment in public-private partnership projects in green energy. 2. The analysis indicates the importance of the country’s income as a factor influencing the established technological structure of public-private partnership projects in the green energy sector. 3. It is proved that energy efficiency significantly depends on the technological structure of public-private partnership projects in green energy. The obtained results are explained by assuming the dependence of public-private partnership projects in green energy on the income level of the economy, based on Wallis one-way analysis of variance and cross-tabulation. Mann-Whitney U test was used to explain the dependence of energy efficiency on the technological structure of such projects. The particularity of this study is the analysis of the technological structure of public-private partnership projects in green energy, taking into account the specifics of developing countries and the application of their clustering. This research is of practical significance in the possibility of applying the results obtained by the authorities for the creation and implementation of public-private partnership projects in the field of green energy, as well as by energy companies implementing new technologies using water, wind and solar energy Copyright © 2024, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license

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37.     

Raimbekov, Zhanarys a Raimbekov Z.; Syzdykbayeva, Bakyt b Syzdykbayeva B.; Rakhmetulina, Aigerim c Rakhmetulina A.; Rakhmetulina, Zhibek b Rakhmetulina Z.; Abylaikhanova, Tana c Abylaikhanova T.; Doltes, Lyubov Doltes L.; Kinasheva, Zhadyra d Kinasheva Z.

Designing and Improving the Efficiency of Placement of Logistics Infrastructure for Storage, Distribution and Trade of Agri-Food Products

Purpose: The article considers a methodological approach to the formation and determination of potential locations of logistics infrastructure: warehouse storage facilities, wholesale distribution centers for storage, marketing and trade of agro-food products. Design/methodology/approach: A study of 204 objects-administrative districts and cities of Kazakhstan, where the production, storage, distribution and trade of agri-food products is carried out. The standardization of indicators, cluster, correlation-regression, factor analysis was carried out, the method of ranking and center of gravity. Findings: At the first stage of the study, potential locations of distribution centers of agricultural products were identified based on the proposed criteria. Based on factor analysis, new factors have been formed in order to determine the criteria for choosing the location of the logistics infrastructure. Cluster analysis made it possible to differentiate territories and determine the characteristics of the logistics infrastructure for their placement, depending on their specialization. At the second stage, the potential locations of logistics infrastructure and the geographical location of objects on the territory of administrative-territorial units were clarified. At the third stage, with the help of weighting coefficients and an integral indicator of the attractiveness of the location of logistics infrastructures, the service area of the logistics infrastructure of storage, sales and trade is determined in accordance with potential locations on the territory. The proposed approach, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the storage, marketing and trade infrastructure and links these facilities with transport and warehouse availability in the regions. Research limitations/implications: The study is aimed at complementing existing approaches and methods for determining the location of logistics infrastructure facilities with a more detailed account of the specialization of districts and the economic potential of regions. Practical implications: The conclusions allow us to use different criteria when determining the location of logistics infrastructures depending on their purpose. They also provide important information in the process of designing logistics infrastructure, conducting a differentiated investment policy during their construction and operation. Originality/value: In this article, a new point of view is given on the choice of criteria for the placement and determination of the number of logistics infrastructure, based on their functional purpose, specialization of districts and the potential of regions, which increase their efficiency.

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38.     

Battalova, Ainur a, b; Kabdrakhmanova, Sana c; Akatan, Kydyrmolla a, b; Shaimardan, Esbol b; Beisebekov, Madiar b; Karzhaubayeva, Aktoty b Karzhaubayeva A.; Kantay, Nurgamit a, b Kantay N.; Ibraeva, Zhanar c, d; Thomas, Sabu

Synthesis and Application of Biodegradable Cellulose Hydrogels From Sunflower Husks as a Water-Retaining Material in Agriculture

The water shortage is currently a major problem for agriculture around the world, and this, in turn, can negatively impact food safety. Therefore, in this article, acrylamide monomer (AAm) was bound by the cross-linking agent N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) in amounts of 10, 15, and 20 mg along with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from sunflower seed husk (SFH) and a biodegradable hydrogel in the soil layer with high sorption capacity was synthesized. As a result of the study, the AAm monomer found to be attached to the MCC matrix via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The kinetics of swelling of the obtained hydrogels in aqueous, electrolytic and water-ethanol, water-acetone binary solutions at various amounts of cross-linking agent were comparatively studied, and it was found that the water sorption potential of the natural polymer—MCC-based hydrogel (MCC hydrogel)—is high at pH = 6.5 and corresponds to the pH of the soil environment. The study showed that the synthesized hydrogel is optimal when using 10 mg of a cross-linking agent, has mechanical strength, withstands pressure up to 27 MPa, completely decomposes at 796°C, and has good thermal stability. It has been established that the pore sizes of hydrogel with 10 mg of cross-linking agent lie within the range of 313.9 nm-den 3.41 μm and belong to mesoporous materials, where the degree of swelling is 1176%. The MCC hydrogel was saturated with water from the soil within 5 days and collapsed within 35 days, releasing the absorbed water back into the soil, losing 66% of its mass and undergoing biological decomposition. These properties of MCC hydrogel allow it to be used as a “water-retaining material” in agriculture.

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39.     

Battalova, Ainur a; Akatan, Kydyrmolla a Akatan K.; Kabdrakhmanova, Sana b; Ibraeva, Zhanar c; Madiar, Beisebekov d; Esbol, Shaimardan d; Nurgamit, Kantay a; Dzhumanazarova, Asylkan e Dzhumanazarova A.; Joshy K.S. f; Thomas, Sabu

Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibers From Sunflower Seed Husks via Formic Acid Hydrolysis

Nanocellulose has garnered great interest among researchers because of its biodegradability, renewability, biocompatibility, high strength and versatile functionality. The present study focuses on the development of an eco-friendly, benign method to extract cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from waste sunflower husks (SFHs) using formic acid hydrolysis. Both CNFs and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were obtained in high yields from SFHs. The enhanced colloidal stability of CNFs was evident from the ζ potential values, which ranged from −11.8 to −19.6 mV. Varying yields of CNFs were obtained by differing reaction times, though all were found to be thermally stable. SEM and TEM were used for the morphological analysis. The removal of non-cellulose constituents was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The enhancement of crystallinity upon treatment was examined using XRD analysis. The thermal stability of the cellulose extracted was checked via TGA. The present method of extraction of CNFs and MCC from waste SFHs using formic acid could open a new way of bulk production of nanocellulose fibers for the manufacture of green, value-added products in high-end fields, including electronics, agriculture and biomedicine, among others.

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40.     

Özkan, Cem a; Çepni, Salih b; Maratkyzy, Nazerke c; Arslan, Tülin Vural d; Durak, Selen d

A new perspective on STEM education: The possible contributions of architectural education

Considering the structural similarities between STEM education and architectural education, it is thought that architectural education, which has a deep-rooted history, may be useful for improving STEM education. This research was planned to gain useful inferences for STEM education by trying to get to know architectural education. In this study, ethnographic field research method was used. During the four-week observations, students made presentations with projects, models and plan drawings. In this process, teachers’ criticisms and students’ defenses were analyzed through the data table. By discussing the identified elements of architectural education, at least six innovations and/or meaningful results were revealed in the context of STEM education. These are: i-Students should be given the opportunity to solve open-ended problems on their own and should be encouraged to learn through trial and error in this process. ii-Students should be highly motivated when dealing with open-ended problems, for example, STEM project courses should be turned into graduation qualifications. iii-The importance of real-life context in STEM education should be emphasized and problems should be a part of life; In this context, sustainability and economic value dimensions should be highlighted. iv- At secondary and primary school levels, children should be encouraged to learn by experiencing and manipulating materials in the context of problems. v- Courses that will improve technical drawing skills should be added to STEM education programs. vi- In STEM disciplines, teachers should ensure theory/practice balance at the undergraduate level, and evaluations in applied projects should be made by a jury system. © (2024), (Ekip Buro Makineleri A.). All rights reserved.

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41.     

Issayev, Gani a Issayev G.; Yergubekova, Zhanat Yergubekova Z.; Aitbayev, Sattibay c

Web 2.0 Personal Learning Environments for Development University Teacher Competencies

Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) are effective tools for cultivating highly qualified and competent teachers. The current study aims to explore how a PLE Web 2.0 based on the e-me educational platform can be used to develop competencies of higher education teachers. The study participants were 120 teachers from six faculties of Ahmet Yesevi University (Turkistan, Kazakhstan). The main research tool used was the High-Quality Teacher Competencies Questionnaire (HQTCQ). The PLE-based training allowed teachers with 3–9 years of experience (Group A) and 10–20 years of experience (Group B) to improve several competencies, including personal qualities, pedagogical goal setting, student motivation, information competence, development of educational programs and materials, and organization of pedagogical activities. Group C participants with 20+ years of experience became more competent in motivating students and organizing teaching activities. Thus, the conducted training had the greatest impact on less experienced teachers. The research findings have practical implications, as they highlight the potential for improving teacher competencies through personal learning environments. The study findings also emphasize that educational institutions can implement similar PLE interventions to improve the competence of their teaching staff.

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